河套灌区盐碱地咸水滴灌食葵适宜播种模式探究  

Suitable Drilling Depth of Sunflower Seeds in Saline-alkali Soil Drip-irrigated with Saline Water in Hetao Irrigation District

作　　者：崔光旭 朱文东 李二珍 苗俊侠 李建忠 李伟[6] 李晓彬[1] 万书勤[1] CUI Guangxu;ZHU Wendong;LI Erzhen;MIAO Junxia;LI Jianzhong;LI Wei;LI Xiaobin;WAN Shuqin(Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Wuyuan County Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Center,Bayannur 015100,China;W uyuan County Science and Technology Service Center,Bayannur 015100,China;Wuyuan County Agriculture and animal Husbandry and science and Technology Bureau,Bayannur 015100,China;Tongliao Meteorological Bureau,Tongliao 028000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 [3]五原县农牧业技术推广中心,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015100 [4]五原县科学与技术服务中心,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015100 [5]五原县农牧和科技局,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015100 [6]通辽市气象局,内蒙古通辽028000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2022年第3期10-16,共7页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0501305);国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0501304);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDJ-SSW-DQC028)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确河套灌区盐碱地咸水滴灌条件下适宜的食葵播种深度和造墒水盐调控初次灌水量等关键参数,提出与盐碱地咸水滴灌相适应的食葵种植模式。【方法】通过田间试验的方式,布置了4个播种深度(2、4、6cm和8 cm)和3个造墒水盐调控初次灌水量(21、28 mm和35 mm),分析了以上农艺种植措施对食葵出苗率和幼苗生长状况的影响。【结果】(1)随着播种深度的增加,最终出苗率先增加后降低,播种深度在4 cm时最终出苗率最高,达到93%;随着播种深度的增加,幼苗地上部分生物量逐渐减小,地下部分生物量逐渐增大。(2)当播种深度为4 cm时,造墒初次灌水量为28 mm和35 mm条件下的最终出苗率相近。随着灌溉水量增加,根系周围土体脱盐效果逐渐提升,21、28 mm和35 mm灌水量0~10 cm土层土壤平均脱盐率分别达到了37.5%、54%和62%。【结论】在内蒙古河套灌区水资源匮乏的重度盐碱地区,食葵种植可以采用播种深度为4 cm,初次灌水量为28 mm的种植模式,既能节约水资源又能保证食葵的较高出苗率。【Objective】Crops grown in saline-alkali soil are vulnerable to salinity during its germination and seedling stages, and the seed drilling depth hence has a significant impact on plant establishment. Taking sunflower as an example, this paper experimentally investigated the combined effects of sowing depth and pre-sowing irrigation on germination and seedling development in a saline-alkali soil in Hetao Irrigation district.【Method】We drilled the sunflower seeds into four depths: 2, 4, 6 cm and 8 cm of the soil that was irrigated with 21, 28 cm and 35 mm of water prior to the sowing. In each treatment, we measured emergence rate of the seedling and its subsequent development.【Result】(1)With the increase in sowing depth, the seedling emergence rate increased first followed by a decrease, and the highest seedling emergence rate was 93%, reached when the sowing depth was 4 cm. Increasing the sowing depth led to an increase in below-ground biomass at the expense of the above-ground biomass.(2)When the sowing depth was 4 cm, pre-sowing irrigation with 28 mm and 35 mm of water did not have a noticeable difference in their impact on the seedling emergence rate. Increasing irrigation amount improved soil desalination,especially in the 0~10 cm soil. When irrigation amount was increased from 21 to 35 cm, the desalination rate of the top 10 cm soil increased from 37.5% to 62%.【Conclusion】In Hetao Irrigation district and areas where water resource is scarce and saline water is used as a supplementary irrigation source, combining ridge tillage with mulching by irrigating 28cm of water prior to drilling the sunflower seeds to the depth of 4 cm is a suitable cultivation to ensure seed germination and the subsequent seedling establishment.

关 键 词：食葵 出苗 播种深度 咸水滴灌 盐碱地 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] S352.4[农业科学—农业工程]