引黄滴灌条件下水氮互作对玉米耗水特性及产量的影响  

The Effect of Drip Fertigation with Yellow River Water on Water Consumption and Yield of Summer Maize

作　　者：曹雪松[1] 郑和祥[1] 苗平 牛海 孙晨云 CAO Xuesong;ZHENG Hexiang;MIAO Ping;NIU H ai;SUN Chenyun(Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Huhhot 010020,China;Ordos River and Lake Protection Center,Ordos 017000,China;Ordos Development Center of Water Conservancy,Ordos 017000,China;School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院牧区水利科学研究所,呼和浩特010020 [2]鄂尔多斯市河湖保护中心,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017000 [3]鄂尔多斯市水利事业发展中心,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017000 [4]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2022年第3期33-39,共7页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：“科技兴蒙”重点专项项目(KJXM-EEDS-2020010-01);鄂尔多斯市科技计划项目(20190101);中国水利水电科学研究院科研专项项目(MK2020J05);内蒙古自治区水利科技项目(MK0413B032021)。

摘　　要：【目的】为鄂尔多斯杭锦旗黄河南岸灌区引黄滴灌玉米提出合理的水肥调控方案。【方法】采用田间试验,设3个引黄滴灌灌水定额(225、300 m^(3)/hm^(2)和375 m^(3)/hm^(2)),每种灌溉定额下均设2个施氮量(207、276 kg/hm^(2)),研究了引黄滴灌条件下不同水肥处理对玉米耗水量、耗水强度、水分生产率和玉米产量的影响。【结果】引黄滴灌条件下水氮互作表现出显著的正交互作用。耗水量与耗水强度随灌水定额的增加呈递增趋势,耗水量与耗水强度的峰值均出现在玉米的抽雄期—灌浆期。在一定的水分条件下,增加施肥量对玉米耗水特性的影响不显著;在同一灌水定额下,增加施肥量不能显著提高作物千粒质量、籽粒产量和水分生产率,当施肥量超过一定数量时,继续施肥对产量和水分生产率反而产生负影响。当灌水量为4206.84~4890.36 m^(3)/hm^(2)、施肥量为977.13~1122.87 kg/hm^(2)时,引黄滴灌玉米有95%的概率可获得大于8765.55 kg/hm^(2)的籽粒产量。【结论】综合节水、高产和高效等生产因素,建议鄂尔多斯黄河南岸灌区引黄滴灌玉米灌水定额300 m^(3)/hm^(2)左右,灌水12~14次,施尿素(含氮量为46%)1200 kg/hm^(2)左右。【Background and objective】Irrigation and fertilization combine to modulate water uptake and crop yield.The purpose of our work is to find a rational fertigation scheduling for corn production drip-irrigated using the Yellow River water in Ordos,Inner Mongolia.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a corn field.The crop was drip-irrigated at the irrigation amount of 225,300 and 375 m^(3)/hm^(2)respectively,each having two nitrogen applications:207 and 276 kg/hm^(2).In each treatment,we measured water consumption and the crop yield.【Result】Coupling irrigation and nitrogen fertilization showed a positive interaction between them in certain ranges.Water consumption and its associated consumption intensity both increased with the irrigation amount,peaking at the tasseling-filling stage.Increasing nitrogen fertilization did not always result in a significant effect on water consumption,nor increased the thousand-grain weight,grain yield and water productivity.When the irrigation amount was in the range of 4 206.84~4 890.36 m^(3)/hm^(2)and the fertilization in 977.13~1 122.87 kg/hm^(2),there was a high probability (95%) to increase the corn yield to more than 8 765.55 kg/hm^(2).【Conclusion】Considering water saving,yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency,the optimal drip-fertigation using Yellow River water for corn production in Ordos was to irrigate 300 m^(3)/hm^(2)of water in 12~14 times,with 1 200 kg/hm^(2)(46%of nitrogen) of fertilization.

关 键 词：滴灌 玉米 耗水量 籽粒产量 水分生产率 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]