基于水面蒸发量及气温因子的潜水蒸发量计算模型研究  

Estimating Shallow Groundwater Evaporation Based on Surface Evaporation and Ambient Air Temperature

作　　者：王怡宁 丁佳楠 吕海深[2] 宋翠萍 周超 刘竹梅 陆云燕 WANG Yining;DING Jia’nan;LYU Haishen;SONG Cuiping;ZHOU Chao;LIU Zhumei;LU Yunyan(Nanjing Institute of Water Resources,Nanjing 210029,China;Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Jiangsu Water Conservancy Survey and Design Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210000,China;Anhui Province(Huaiwei Committee of the Ministry of Water Resources)Wudaogou Experimental Station of Water Conservancy Research Institute,Bengbu 233000,China)

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院,南京210029 [2]河海大学,南京211100 [3]江苏省水利勘测设计研究院有限公司,南京210000 [4]安徽省(水利部淮委)水利科学研究院五道沟实验站,安徽蚌埠233000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2022年第3期69-74,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家青年基金项目(52109029);国家自然科学基金项目(41571015);国家重点研发计划项目(2017yFC0404504)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同气象因子对潜水蒸发量的影响。【方法】利用五道沟水文试验站0.3 m;口径的蒸渗仪测定潜水蒸发量,以及气象观测场的相关仪器测定气象数据,选取2006—2015年潜水蒸发量和气象实测数据,分别构建了砂姜黑土和黄潮土基于埋深因子的裸地潜水蒸发量与水面蒸发量、气温单气象因子和双气象因子计算模型。【结果】砂姜黑土各计算模型R;在0.88左右,平均绝对误差(MAE)为1.50 mm/10 d,均方根误差(RMSE)为2.30 mm/10 d;黄潮土各计算模型R;为0.92,平均绝对误差(MAE)为1.94 mm/10 d,均方根误差(RMSE)为2.80 mm/10 d,均有较高的精度,且黄潮土各拟合模型的精度要高于砂姜黑土。单气象因子计算模型的R;为0.92,平均绝对误差(MAE)为1.80 mm/10 d,均方根误差(RMSE)为2.60 mm/10 d;双气象因子计算模型的R;为0.94,平均绝对误差(MAE)为1.40 mm/10 d,均方根误差(RMSE)为2.05 mm/10 d,双气象因子拟合效果高于单气象因子。2种土壤多气象因子复合模型,其平均绝对误差(MAE)分别为2.21 mm/10 d和2.91 mm/10 d,均方根误差(RMSE)分别为3.31 mm/10d和3.93 mm/10d,估算精度较优。【结论】潜水埋深、水面蒸发量及气温对潜水蒸发量具有显著影响,可根据各地区获得的气象资料选择合适的计算模型。【Objective】Evaporation loss via capillary rise is an important component of groundwater cycle but difficult to measure in situ. This paper presents an empirical formula to estimate it using surface evaporation and ambient air temperature, based on long-term experimental data obtained from a hydrological experimental station.【Method】Groundwater evaporation from phreatic surface of shallow groundwater was measured from lysimeters with cross section of 0.3 m;at Wudaogou Hydrological Experiment Station, and the meteorological data were measured from a weather station installed at the station. There were two soils, a fluvo-aquic soil and a lime concretion black soil. For each soil, we established a regression model using temperature and surface evaporation,either separately or in combination, to estimate groundwater evaporation. 【Result】 For the lime concretion black soil, the average R;of the models using single or two meteorological factors was 0.88, and its associated average absolute error(MAE) and root mean square error(RMSE) were 0.15 mm/d and 0.23 mm/d, respectively. For the yellow fluvo-aquic soil, the associated results were R;=0.92, MAE=0.194 mm, and RMSE=0.28 mm/d. When using a single meteorological factor, the average R;for the two soils using all models was R;=0.92, and its associated MAE and RMSE were 0.18 mm/d and 0.26 mm/d, respectively. In contrast, in using the two meteorological factors, the average R;for the two soils using all models was 0.94, and its associated MAE and RMSE were 0.14 mm/d and 0.205mm/d, respectively. 【Conclusion】For a given area, the evaporation of its shallow groundwater via capillary rise depends on surface evaporation and ambient air temperature. Since air temperature and surface evaporation are closely correlated, we can use either one of the two factor or their combination to estimate the groundwater evaporation.

关 键 词：潜水蒸发量 水面蒸发量 气温 埋深 

分 类 号：P332.2[天文地球—水文科学]