棉花夏播短季轻简化栽培技术  

Light Simplified Cultivation Technology of Summer Cotton

作　　者：刘爱玉[1] 屠小菊 周仲华[1] 李瑞莲[1] LIUAi-yu;TU Xiao-ju;ZHOU Zhong-hua;LI Rui-lian(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2022年第2期28-31,共4页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省重点研发项目(2020NK2023);湖南省农业厅财政厅项目(湘财建指[2021]142号-1,湘财建指[2021]142号-2)。

摘　　要：棉花夏播短季轻简化栽培是入夏后播种,简化生产程序,全生育期控制在150 d以内的栽培模式,其关键技术包括:①推迟播种,改春播为夏播;②适当密植,发挥群体效应;③选用良种,提高播种质量;④平衡施肥,减少氮肥用量;⑤全程化调,适时打顶,塑造理想株型;⑥适时催熟脱叶,促进集中吐絮。这种栽培模式具有生产周期短、生产环节少、小个体大群体结构、吐絮集中、纤维品质一致性好等特点和优势,可大幅降低棉花生产成本、提高植棉效益,并为棉田耕作制度的根本性变革和棉花全程机械化生产提供基础,具有较好的推广应用前景。The light simplified cultivation of summer cotton is a cultivation pattern of sowing in summer,simplifying the production process,and controlling the whole growth period within 150 d.The key technologies were as follows:(1) Postponing sowing and changing spring sowing to summer sowing;(2) developing group effects with appropriate dense planting;(3) improving sowing quality with good seeds;(4) balancing fertilization and reducing nitrogen fertilizer dosage;(5) shaping an ideal plant type through whole chemical regulation and timely topping;(6) promoting the concentrated openning of bolls through the acceleration of maturation and timely defoliation.This cultivation pattern has the characteristics and advantages of short production cycle,less production link,small-individual large-group structure,concentrated bolls openning,good consistency of fiber quality and so on.It can significantly reduce the cost of production,improve the efficiency of cotton planting,and provide basis for whole mechanized farming system of cotton and fundamental reform of cotton field cropping system.It has a broad prospect of application.

关 键 词：棉花 夏播 短季轻简化栽培 技术要点 优势 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S344