小麦倒伏原因、机理及其对产量和品质影响研究进展  

Wheat Lodging:Cause and Mechanism and Its Effect on Wheat Yield and Quality

作　　者：孙盈盈 王超[1] 王瑞霞[1] 牟秋焕[1] 米勇[1] 吕广德 亓晓蕾[1] 孙宪印[1] 陈永军 钱兆国[1] 吴科[1] SUN Yingying;WANG Chao;WANG Ruixia;MU Qiuhuan;MI Yong;LV Guangde;QI Xiaolei;SUN Xianyin;CHEN Yongjun;QIAN Zhaoguo;WU Ke(Tai’an Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Tai’an 271000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]泰安市农业科学院,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《农学学报》2022年第3期1-5,共5页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：泰安市科技计划引导计划“小麦新品种泰科麦33氮肥高效利用技术研究”(2019NS094);国家小麦现代农业产业技术体系泰安综合试验站(CARS-3-2-21);山东省现代农业产业技术体系“小麦创新团队遗传育种岗位”岗位专家(SDAIT-01-04);山东省农业良种工程项目“优质专用新品种选育”(2019LZGC001)。

摘　　要：倒伏是制约小麦生产的关键因素,提高小麦抗倒性有利于提高小麦机械化收获和农业生产效率,进一步提高小麦产量和籽粒品质。为了明确倒伏原因、机理及其对产量和品质的影响,结合前人的研究,总结了小麦倒伏的影响因素、茎秆倒伏机理、倒伏对产量以及籽粒品质的影响。最后,从小麦育种和栽培两个方面,指出提高小麦抗倒性的关键措施以及未来研究方向。在品种选育上,应该注重农艺性状(株高、茎秆粗度、充实度等)与力学性状(茎秆抗折力等)相结合,选择高产抗倒伏品种;在栽培措施上,应该注重不同栽培措施的协调配合,使得高产同时获得较好的抗倒性。Lodging is a key factor which restricts the wheat production.The lodging resistance improvement of wheat is beneficial to the harvest mechanization and agricultural production efficiency of wheat.Furthermore,the grain yield and quality can also be improved.In order to clarify the cause and the mechanism of lodging and its effects on wheat yield and quality,this paper summarized four aspects including the influencing factors,the lodging mechanism of stem,the effect of lodging on yield and on grain quality.Finally,key measures of lodging resistance and the future research direction were pointed out from two perspectives of breeding and cultivation measures.In the aspect of breeding,we should combine agronomic traits(such as plant height,stem thickness and filling rate)with mechanical properties(such as stem breaking resistance),and select high-yield and lodging-resistance varieties.In cultivation,we should pay attention to the coordination of different measures to achieve high yield and lodging resistance at the same time.

关 键 词：小麦 抗倒性 倒伏机理 品种选育 栽培措施 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]