浙江省农用化肥时空分析及环境风险评价  

Environmental Risk Assessment and Spatial-temporal Features of Fertilizer Utilization in Zhejiang

作　　者：汪玉磊 单英杰 秦叶波 WANG Yulei;SHAN Yingjie;QIN Yebo(Zhejiang Management Station of Cropland Quality and Fertilizer,Hangzhou 310020,Zhejiang China;Zhejiang Agro-tech Extension and Service Center,Hangzhou 310020,Zhejiang China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省耕地质量与肥料管理总站,杭州310020 [2]浙江省农业技术推广中心,杭州310020

出　　处：《农学学报》2022年第3期30-34,共5页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：省级重点研发计划“农田地力快速培育与修复新技术研究-浙江省粮食主产区农田地力快速培育与修复技术研究与示范”(2019C02008);省三农六方计划“减量化处理水稻秸秆复配长效肥的技术研究与产品推广”(CTZB-F170623LWZ-SNY1-7)。

摘　　要：基于化肥投入强度、使用效率和安全阈值的概念,利用农田化肥使用的环境风险评价模型,分析了浙江省1978—2017年农用化肥情况。结果表明:浙江农用化肥总量和耕地化肥使用强度从1978年到2017年呈现先升高再降低的趋势,地区间存在明显差异。2017年,浙江省农用化肥风险指数为0.69,处于中度风险,其中钾肥使用处于低风险状态,氮、磷肥使用为中度风险。湖州市和舟山市农用化肥使用为低风险,其他城市均为中度风险,2个市的氮肥、3个市的磷肥使用处于重度风险。建议研究科学施肥技术和先进产品以减少化肥施用、提高肥料利用率来降低风险。Based on the fertilization intensity,environmental safety threshold and fertilization efficiency,a model of environmental risk assessment was adopted to analyze the spatial-temporal features of chemical fertilization in Zhejiang Province from 1978 to 2017.The results showed that the total amount and the intensity of fertilizer used in cultivated land of Zhejiang increased and then decreased from 1978 to 2017,and obvious differences existed in different areas.In 2017,total environmental risk index due to fertilizer use was 0.69,which was at a medium risk level.The environmental risk index of potassium fertilizer application was at low level,and that of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer application was at medium level.The environmental risk index of fertilizer application in Huzhou and Zhoushan was at a safe level,and that of other regions of Zhejiang Province was at medium level.The nitrogen fertilizer application of 2 cities and potassium fertilizer application of 3 cities were at severe risk level.It is suggested that scientific fertilization technologies should be studied to reduce environmental risks and increase fertilizer use efficiency.

关 键 词：化肥施用 安全阈值 施肥强度 时空分布 风险指数 浙江省 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]