欧洲新石器时代阿尔卑斯山硬玉岩(翡翠)的使用及其流散  

The use and diaspora of Alpine jadeite in Europe during Neolithic Age

作　　者：郑昕雨 丘志力 杨炯 叶旭[1] 赖舒琪 ZHENG Xinyu;QIU Zhili;YANG Jiong;YE Xu;LAI Shuqi(School of Earth Science and Engineering/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources Exploration/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Geodynamic and Geological Hazards,Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China;School of Tourism,Taishan University,Tai'an 271000,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai),Zhuhai 519082,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学地球科学与工程学院/广东省地质过程与矿产资源探查重点实验室/广东省地球动力作用与地质灾害重点实验室,广东珠海519082 [2]泰山学院旅游学院,山东泰安271000 [3]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),广东珠海519082

出　　处：《中山大学学报（自然科学版）（中英文）》2022年第2期18-27,共10页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41673032)。

摘　　要：以欧洲新石器时代硬玉质(翡翠)玉器的兴起、流散、发展和衰亡为线索,对近20年来欧洲各国学者对新石器时代阿尔卑斯山出产硬玉岩(翡翠)的研究成果进行了梳理,总结归纳了史前欧洲翡翠用玉的分布范围及其器型特征;并以6000 BC—3000 BC期间法国莫尔比昂湾及卡纳克地区为中心的、广泛流散于欧洲的大型翡翠质玉斧为例,分析了在旧石器技术、新兴资源冲击、主流文化演变等因素的综合影响下欧洲大型翡翠质玉斧形制多样,流散路线复杂的原因。同时,还探讨了不同区域条件下欧洲大型翡翠质玉斧具有的功能,即对超自然环境的崇拜与敬献、精英阶层的权力标识及丧葬礼仪,归纳了翡翠质玉斧消失的三种原因及未来的研究方向。Focusing on the emergence,dispersion,development and decline of jadeite in the Neolithic Age in Europe,this paper analyzes the achievements of alpine jadeite of the Neolithic Age studied by European scholars in the past two decades,and summarizes their geographical distribution range and types.Taking the large jadeite axes as an object,which were mainly unearthed in Morbihan Bay and Carnac area during 6000 BC-3000 BC,with comprehensive consideration of the influence of Paleo‐lithic technology,the impact of new resources and the evolution of mainstream culture,this paper inter‐prets the reasons for the various shapes and multiple dispersion routes of European large jadeite axes.It also discusses the functions that the large European jadeite axes can be used as a tribute to worship the supernatural environment,power mark of elite class and funeral rites.Finally,this paper proposes three possible reasons for the disappearance of jadeite axes and suggests the future research directions.

关 键 词：玉斧 硬玉岩(翡翠) 新石器时代 文化流变 欧洲 

分 类 号：TF811[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] P597.3[天文地球—地球化学]