生物质炭基有机肥对西葫芦生物性状、土壤营养和微生物群落的影响  

Effects of Biochar-based Organic Fertilizers on Biological Characters,Soil Nutrients and Microbial Communities of Cucurbita pepo

作　　者：赵彦敏 梁玉红 刘齐光 杨树宝 韩振英 郑博 岳鹏 李明威 ZHAO Yanmin;LIANG Yuhong;LIU Qiguang;YANG Shubao;HAN Zhenying;ZHENG Bo;YUE Peng;LI Mingwei(Zhangjiakou Open University,Zhangjiakou 075000,Hebei,China;Zhangjiakou Agricultural Radio and TV School in Hebei,Zhangjiakou 075000,Hebei,China;Zhangjiakou Seed Management Station,Zhangjiakou 075000,Hebei,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Huaian County,Zhangjiakou 075000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]张家口开放大学,河北张家口075000 [2]河北省张家口市农业广播电视学校,河北张家口075000 [3]张家口市种子管理站,河北张家口075000 [4]怀安县农业农村局,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《农学学报》2022年第1期39-44,共6页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：河北广播电视大学2020年度科学研究基金项目(WT202015);张家口市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(1811030C)。

摘　　要：为明确生物质炭基有机肥对冀西北地区西葫芦生物性状、果实品质及土壤营养、微生物群落的影响,以西葫芦‘早青一代’为材料,进行3种不同施肥水平处理试验。与不施肥(对照)相比,生物质炭基有机肥能明显提高西葫芦植株株高、茎粗度,改善土壤营养和微生物菌落,增加土壤中磷、钾和有机质的含量。该地区最佳有机肥施用量为1500 kg/hm^(2),末瓜期该施肥水平下,株高、茎粗明显增加,分别比对照增加22.8%、16.7%。宏基因组测序结果表明,生物质炭基有机肥增加了子囊菌门真菌表达的相对丰度,减少了被孢霉门真菌表达的相对丰度,新增隐真菌门和未知新真菌种类。施肥1000 kg/hm^(2)时根际土壤微生物OTU最多,达到811个。研究结果可为生物质炭基有机肥在冀西北地区西葫芦生产的应用提供理论依据。To determine the effects of biochar-based organic fertilizers on the biological characters,fruit quality,soil nutrients and microbial communities of Cucurbita pepo in northwest Hebei,three treatments with different fertilization levels were carried out with C.pepo’Zaoqingyidai’.Compared with the no fertilization(control),biochar-based organic fertilizers could significantly increase plant height and stem diameter of C.pepo.Meantime,soil nutrients and microbial communities,and the content of P,K and organic matter in soil were also improved.The fertilization treatment of 1500 kg/hm^(2)was the best in the study,under which,the plant height and stem diameter increased obviously,which were 22.8%and 16.7%more than those of control,respectively.The macro-genome sequencing results showed that biochar-based organic fertilizers could increase the relative abundance of Ascomycetes fungi expression,decrease the relative abundance of Sporomycetes fungi expression.The Russula was newly added.In the fertilization treatment of 1000 kg/hm^(2),the OTU number of rhizosphere soil microorganism was the most and reached 811.The results can provide a theoretical basis for the application of biochar-based organic fertilizers in the production of C.pepo in northwest Hebei.

关 键 词：生物质炭基有机肥 西葫芦 果实品质 土壤营养 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]