生物炭和氮肥对沿海沙地鼓节竹笋生长和光合特性的效应  

Effects of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of bamboo shoots of Bambusa tuldoides‘Swolleninternode’in coastal sandy land

作　　者：王希贤 吴君 李磊 江登辉 荣俊冬[1] 陈礼光[1] 赖东永 郑郁善[1,2] WANG Xixian;WU Jun;LI Lei;JIANG Denghui;RONG Jundong;CHEN Liguang;LAI Dongyong;ZHENG Yushan(College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;College of Landscape Architecture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;Dongshan Chishan State-owned Forest Farm,Zhangzhou,Fujian 363400,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福建福州350002 [2]福建农林大学园林学院,福建福州350002 [3]福建省东山赤山国有防护林场,福建漳州363400

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第2期217-223,共7页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：福建省区域发展项目(2015N3015);福建省科技创新团队项目(2018[49]);福建农林大学科技创新发展基金项目(CXZX2017089);福建省科技重大专项(2013NZ0001)。

摘　　要：采用三种秸秆(水稻、小麦、玉米)制成的生物炭,每种生物炭用量为100、400、1200 g,配施300、600、900 g的氮肥,采用4因素3水平L;(3;)正交试验设计,设置空白对照,共10个处理,施肥后分析生物炭与氮肥配施对鼓节竹的出笋量、成竹率、叶绿素含量和光合特性的影响.通过模糊隶属函数对各处理进行综合分析.不同生物炭与氮肥配施处理下的鼓节竹发笋末期出笋量、成竹率和叶绿素含量相比于对照均有所提高,以处理5的促进效果最佳,出笋量提高了83.3%,成竹率提高了32.4%,叶绿素含量提高了71.2%.净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用率(WUE)均在处理5下达到最佳,气孔限制值(LS)在处理5下得到了最佳抑制,胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)值存在一定的波动;在相同用量的生物炭处理下,各指标表现为在小麦生物炭处理下最佳,且随着生物炭用量的增加,对鼓节竹的促进效果先增加后减少.根据隶属函数的综合评价结果显示,处理5的效果最佳,即400 g·丛^(-1)的小麦生物炭配施900 g·丛^(-1)的氮肥,对鼓节竹发笋末期的生长和光合特性有显著的积极影响,可以在沿海沙地鼓节竹栽培中推广应用.To investigate the efficacy of biochar and nitrogen(N)fertilizer on enhancing the photosynthetic property and bamboo shoot yield of Bambusa tuldoides‘Swolleninternode’,3 types of biochars made from rice,wheat and maize straws were applied at 100,400 and 1200 g per clump and supplemented with 300,600 and 900 g N fertilizer by L;(3;)orthogonal experimental design,yielding 10 treatments including 1 blank control.One month after fertilization,shoot yield,maturing rate,chlorophyll content and photosynthetic characteristics were measured and further analyzed by fuzzy membership function.The results showed that shoot yields,proportions of bamboo reaching maturity and chlorophyll contents of B.tuldoides were all improved under different combinations of fertilizers compared with the control.All indicators were maximized in treatment 5(400 g wheat straw biochar and 900 g N),with shoot yield,maturing rate and chlorophyll content up by 83.3%,32.4%and 71.2%,respectively.Net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr)and water use efficiency(WUE)were also optimized under treatment 5 with reduced stomatal limit(LS)and slightly fluctuated intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(Ci).Under the same application rate,each index was optimized under biochar made from wheat straw;with the increase of application rate,the promotive effects of biochar on the development of B.tuldoides increased then decreased.Membership function analysis confirmed that treatment 5 had the best promotive effect.To summarize,combined application of 400 g wheat biochar and 900 g N fertilizer per clump is recommended for B.tuldoides cultivation in coastal sandy land.

关 键 词：鼓节竹 生物炭 光合特性 出笋量 

分 类 号：S791.43[农业科学—林木遗传育种]