惩罚性赔偿不应适用于环境民事公益诉讼的法理辨析  

Jurisprudential Analysis on the Inapplicability of Punitive Compensation to Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation

作　　者：李智卓 刘卫先[2] Li Zhizhuo;Liu Weixian

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100083 [2]中国海洋大学法学院,青岛266003

出　　处：《中州学刊》2022年第3期48-54,共7页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“风险规制视角下环境标准的制定及法律效力研究”(17BFX121)。

摘　　要：我国《民法典》第1232条创造性地规定了针对环境侵权的惩罚性赔偿制度,但没有明确该制度是否适用于环境民事公益诉讼,由此产生很多争议。《最高人民法院关于审理生态环境侵权纠纷案件适用惩罚性赔偿的解释》第13条明确规定惩罚性赔偿适用于环境民事公益诉讼案件,但该解释没有解决为何如此适用的难题。现有研究成果中赞成惩罚性赔偿适用于环境民事公益诉讼的观点,其理由并不充分;反对性观点的理由则比较全面、充分。“生态环境损害赔偿制度+行政罚款制度”与惩罚性赔偿制度的功能相重叠,前者的适用应当优先于后者。我国《民法典》第1232条规定的惩罚性赔偿不应适用于环境民事公益诉讼,原告依据该条规定所获得的赔偿也不应包含生态环境损害赔偿。Article 1232 of the Civil Code of China creatively stipulates the punitive compensation system for environmental infringement,but it is not clear whether the system is applicable to environmental civil public interest litigation,which results in many disputes.Article 13 of Interpretation of the Supreme People′s Court on the Application of Punitive Compensation in the Trial of Eco-Environmental Tort Disputes clearly stipulates that punitive compensation is applicable to environmental civil public interest litigation cases,but the interpretation does not explain the reason.The reasons for supporting the application of punitive compensation to environmental civil public interest litigation in the existing research are not sufficient,while the reasons for opposing views are more comprehensive and sufficient.In addition,the function of"eco-environmental damage compensation system+administrative penalty system"and punitive compensation system is overlapping,and the application of the former should take precedence over the latter.The punitive damages stipulated in article 1232 of the Civil Code of China should not be applied to environmental civil public interest litigation,and the compensation obtained by the plaintiff according to this article should not include ecological environment damage compensation.

关 键 词：《民法典》 环境侵权 惩罚性赔偿 环境民事公益诉讼 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]