全脂黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对大菱鲆养殖性能、生理代谢及体色的影响  

Effects of Replacement of Fish Meal with Full-Fat Hermetia illucens Larvae on Culture Performance,Physiological Metabolism,and Skin Color in Turbot

作　　者：贲玲芝 史雪莹 郭金龙 陈秀玲 张配瑜 刘海燕[1] BEN Lingzhi;SHI Xueying;GUO Jinlong;CHEN Xiuling;ZHANG Peiyu;LIU Haiyan(College of Life Sciences,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050024,China;Hebei Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute,Qinhuangdao Hebei 066002,China;Beidaihe New District Aquatic Technology Promotion Station,Qinhuangdao Hebei 066600,China)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学生命科学学院,河北石家庄050024 [2]河北省海洋与水产科学研究院,河北秦皇岛066002 [3]北戴河新区水产技术推广站,河北秦皇岛066600

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2022年第2期80-88,共9页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：河北省省级科技计划(19226705D);河北省现代农业产业技术体系专项(HBCT2018170205);河北省农业农村厅科技计划(冀农科19033)共同资助。

摘　　要：以大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)为研究对象,探讨其配合饲料中以全脂黑水虻(Hermetia illucens)幼虫粉替代鱼粉后对大菱鲆生长性能、饲料利用、血清生理生化指标及体色的影响。本研究设计4个处理组,分别为全脂黑水虻幼虫粉替代0(FM)(对照组)、20%(HI20)、40%(HI40)的鱼粉及40%替代后添加晶体赖氨酸(Lys)和蛋氨酸(Met)(HI40AA)形成4种等氮、等能的实验饲料。将1200尾大菱鲆幼鱼[(26.57±0.54)g]随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复100尾鱼,实验时间为56 d。结果显示,黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉显著影响了大菱鲆的相对增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR),HI40和HI40AA组显著低于HI20和FM组(P<0.05),对大菱鲆的摄食率(SR)、饲料系数(FCR)、肝体比(HSI)、脏体比(VSI)、肥满度(CF)及体成分中的粗蛋白、粗灰分含量均无显著影响(P>0.05),FM和HI20组大菱鲆血清总胆固醇(TCHO)及高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量显著高于HI40和HI40AA组(P<0.05),FM组低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量显著高于各替代组(P<0.05);HI40和HI40AA组大菱鲆背部体色L*值、a*值显著低于FM和HI20组(P<0.05),FM组背部体色b*值显著低于其他各实验组(P<0.05),HI40组的b*值显著高于HI20和HI40AA组(P<0.05);大菱鲆腹部的体色参数各实验组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,本研究条件下,全脂黑水虻幼虫粉替代大菱鲆饲料中鱼粉为20%时,不会影响大菱鲆的生长与生理功能,其在大菱鲆幼鱼饲料中的鱼粉替代推荐量为20%。Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)is an important mariculture species in northern China because of its high economic value.As a cold-water carnivorous fish,its rapid growth relies on high dietary protein in the form of fish meal.Fish meal is a major component of aquatic feed because of its highly digestible protein,balanced amino acids,and good palatability.However,global fish meal production is insufficient,and its price has soared due to overfishing and climate change.There is an urgent need to find high-quality protein sources to replace fish meal in the diet.Many experimental studies on replacing fish meal with protein sources have identified shortcomings.Plant protein sources contain anti-nutritional factors and defects in the amino acid profile,and have poor palatability;animal protein sources are unstable in their nutrient composition.Much work remains to be done to identify new protein sources.Insects are the largest organism community in ecosystems,and offer a new kind of protein source with great potential.The European Commission has recently approved the use of protein derived from insects in aquatic feed.Hermetia illucens is a saprophytic insect that can consume livestock manure and domestic waste to produce high-value animal feedstuff.Its larvae can be used as an alternative protein source to fish meal because they are rich in amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids.In addition,H.illucens is fed on decaying organic matter such as food waste,animal excrement,and animal and plant carcasses;the breeding cost is low,and the adults do not disturb humans.It can be added to the feed of sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax),rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss),catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco),large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea),grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus),california bass(Micropterus salmoides),and Scophthalmus maximus(turbot).Most research has investigated the defatted dry powder of H.illucens.However,there are no reports on the replacement of fish meal with full-fat H.illucens in turbot.Therefore,in thi

关 键 词：大菱鲆 黑水虻虫 生长 血清生化指标 体色 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]