四种作物上登记吡唑醚菌酯单剂的水生生态风险评估  

Advanced risk assessment for aquatic ecology of single-dose of pyraclostrobin registered on four crops

作　　者：郑豪杰 刘沁雨 孙健 程涵智 曹玲 尹晓辉[1] 吴长兴[3] ZHENG Haojie;LIU Qinyu;SUN Jian;CHENG Hanzhi;CAO Ling;YIN Xiaohui;WU Changxing(The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Lishui Vocational and Technical College,Lishui 323000,Zhejiang Province,China;Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition,Hangzhou 310021,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学现代农学院浙江省农产品品质改良技术研究重点实验室,杭州311300 [2]丽水职业技术学院,浙江丽水323000 [3]浙江省农业科学院农产品质量安全与营养研究所,杭州310021

出　　处：《农药学学报》2022年第2期411-422,共12页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21007060);浙江省自然科学基金(LY14B070014).

摘　　要：通过对中国目前在水稻、小麦、柑橘和马铃薯4种作物上登记的所有吡唑醚菌酯单剂产品进行统计梳理,利用Top-Rice模型及China-Psem模型预测了其在地表水中的暴露量,评估了吡唑醚菌酯对水生生态的高级风险。结果显示:截至2021年5月,中国在4种作物上登记的吡唑醚菌酯单剂产品共25种,分为5种剂型。其中悬浮剂占比最大,为52%;其次为乳油,占20%;微囊悬浮剂、水分散粒剂及可湿性粉剂分别占16%、8%和4%。基于风险评估保守性原则,归纳出适用模型进行分析的不同剂型吡唑醚菌酯单剂产品的施用模式,对其在4种作物上使用后的暴露风险分组进行了分析。结果显示:不同剂型吡唑醚菌酯单剂在不同场景、不同季节的水稻上施用后,其预测环境浓度(PEC)范围为0.07~1.24μg/L;在小麦上施用后,其PEC值范围为0.45×10^(−3)~0.60μg/L;在柑橘上的PEC值范围为0.03~0.76μg/L;在马铃薯上的PEC值范围为0.01~0.94μg/L。风险表征结果显示,在现有登记施用条件下,吡唑醚菌酯单剂按推荐方法、推荐剂量及推荐次数在4种作物上施用,其风险均可接受,但鉴于其对水生生物有较高的毒性,对水生生态系统存在一定风险,因此应谨慎控制吡唑醚菌酯在水田的施用剂量和频率。本研究针对其施药模式的分析偏保守,所得评估结果具有一定的不确定性。The current situation of single-dose pyraclostrobin products registered on rice,wheat,citrus and potato in China were analyzed,and the exposure concentration in surface water was predicted by using Top-Rice and China-Psem models,as well as their advanced risk to aquatic ecosystem were assessed.The results showed that as of May 2021,there were 25 formualtions of pyraclostrobin registered on four crops in China,which were divided into 5 groups.The proportion of suspension concentrate(SC)was the largest,accounting for 52%,followed by emulsifiable concentrate(EC),accounting for 20%,microcapsule suspension(CS),water dispersible granule(WG)and wettable powders(WP)accounted for 16%,8%and 4%,respectively.The application range of different formulations of pyraclostrobin and the exposure assessment of different groups on the four crops were investigated,according to the conservative principles of risk assessment.The results showed that the predicted environmental concentration(PEC)of pyraclostrobin on rice ranged from 0.07 to 1.24μg/L in different scenarios and seasons,the predicted environmental concentration of pyraclostrobin used on wheat ranged from 0.45×10^(−3) to 0.60μg/L,the predicted environmental concentration of pyraclostrobin used on citrus ranged from 0.03 to 0.76μg/L,and the predicted environmental concentration of pyraclostrobin used on potato ranged from 0.01 to 0.94μg/L.Under the current registered application conditions,the risk characterization showed that pyraclostrobin was used on four crops for the recommended method,dosage and number of times,the risk was acceptable.However,in view of its high toxicity to aquatic organisms,the dosage and frequency of application on paddy fields should be cautious,as it poses certain risks to aquatic ecosystems.In the present study,the analysis of its application method mode was conservative,which might be underestimeated the evaluation result in some way.

关 键 词：吡唑醚菌酯 水稻 小麦 柑橘 马铃薯 水生生态系统 风险 评估 Top-Rice模型 China-Psem模型 

分 类 号：S482.2[农业科学—农药学] TQ450.26[农业科学—植物保护]