核桃/大豆间作对氮素吸收利用及转移的影响  

Absorption,utilization and transfer efficiency of nitrogen in walnut-soybean intercropping pattern

作　　者：任静 刘小勇[1] 刘芬[1] 彭海[1] 韩富军[1] REN Jing;LIU Xiaoyong;LIU Fen;PENG Hai;HAN Fujun(Institute of Fruit and Floriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《经济林研究》2022年第1期1-10,共10页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860204);甘肃省农业科学院博士基金项目(2019GAAS33);甘肃省现代水果产业技术体系项目;甘肃省科技重大专项计划项目(18ZD2NA006);农业部西北地区果树科学观测实验站项目(S-10-18)。

摘　　要：【目的】为核桃/大豆间作模式的养分管理和推广提供参考。【方法】设置核桃/大豆间作、核桃单作和大豆单作等3种模式,在不施N肥的前提下,利用^(15)N-尿素示踪技术,对6月(果实硬核期)、8月(油脂转化期)和10月(核桃落叶前)3个时期的干物质量、N素吸收利用、生物固氮效率和N素转移进行分析,比较核桃/大豆间作与单作模式对N素吸收利用及种间转移规律影响的差异。【结果】与6月相比,10月间作与单作核桃地上部干物质量每株分别增加283.35%、282.16%,地下部每株分别增加169.43%、157.63%。间作模式中2个物种各部分干物质量均低于单作,其中大豆尤为显著(P<0.05);但间作模式总干物质量显著高于单作(除10月外)(P<0.05)。整个生育期,间作与单作核桃中N素来自肥料的比例不断降低,与6月相比,10月分别下降了0.57%和0.58%,然而间作体系中N素来自肥料比例的加权平均值显著大于单作体系(P<0.05)。10月前核桃15N分配率为地上部(叶、枝、主干)高于地下部(根),后期则相反。10月间作与单作核桃N肥利用率达最大值,与单作相比,间作核桃N肥利用率显著降低了0.22%(P<0.05)。6—10月,单作模式下2个物种的N肥利用率高于间作模式,大豆的N肥利用率高于核桃,间作体系N肥利用率的加权平均值显著高于单作体系(P<0.05)。10月,大豆固氮效率、N素转移率及大豆固氮转移比例均为最高,与6月相比,间作和单作大豆固氮效率分别增加了36.31%和26.11%,N素转移率和核桃中N素来自大豆固氮转移的比例分别增长了2.05、1.59倍。【结论】核桃/大豆间作模式总体优势明显,具有较高的N素吸收利用及转移能力。【Objective】This study was designed to provide a theoretical basis for the soil nutrient management and promotion of walnut/soybean intercropping.【Method】A field experiment was carried out in the main fruit crops germplasm resources repositories of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,with three cropping patterns of walnut/soybean intercropping,walnut monoculture and soybean monoculture.Under the premise of no application of nitrogen fertilizer,^(15)N-urea tracer technology was used to analyze dry matter weight,nitrogen absorption and utilization,biological nitrogen fixation efficiency and nitrogen transfer in three growth stages including June(fruit hard core period),August(oil conversion period)and October(before walnut defoliation).The effects of walnut/soybean intercropping and monoculture on nitrogen uptake,utilization and interspecific transfer were compared.【Result】The results showed that the aboveground dry matter mass and underground dry matter mass of walnut in intercropping and monoculture modes reached the maximum in October.The aboveground dry matter mass of walnuts increased by 283.35%and 282.16%,and the underground dry matter mass increased by 169.43%and 157.63%in October in comparison with June.In intercropping mode,the dry matter mass of each part of the two species was lower than that of monoculture,especially soybeans(P<0.05).However,the total dry matter mass of the intercropping mode was significantly higher than that of monoculture(except October)(P<0.05),which showed obvious overall advantages.During the whole growth period,the proportion of nitrogen from fertilizers in intercropped and monocultured walnuts decreased continuously.Compared with June,the amount in October decreased by 0.57%and 0.58%respectively.However,nitrogen derived from the fertilizer of intercropping was higher than that of monoculture,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).Before October,the 15N distribution rate of walnuts was higher aboveground(leaves,branches and trunk)than underground(root).However,t

关 键 词：核桃 间作 ^(15)N-尿素 氮素利用 氮素转移 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]