锥栗农家品种栗疫病抗性及果实表型性状的变异分析与联合选择  

Variation analysis and joint selection of chestnut blight resistance and nut phenotype traits in Castanea henryi cultivars

作　　者：叶树涛 顾光仕 李煜 方周[1,2] 张晶 杨金辉 郑国华 陈辉 YE Shutao;GU Guangshi;LI Yu;FANG Zhou;ZHANG Jing;YANG Jinhui;ZHENG Guohua;CHEN Hui(College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,Fujian,China;Nonwood Forest Research Institute,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,Fujian,China;College of Horticulture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福建福州350002 [2]福建农林大学经济林研究所,福建福州350002 [3]福建农林大学园艺学院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《经济林研究》2022年第1期82-94,共13页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31800576);福建农林大学林学高峰学科建设项目(71201800735);福建农林大学科技创新专项基金项目(CXZX2017096)。

摘　　要：【目的】比较分析锥栗不同农家品种在栗疫病抗性、果实主要表型性状及营养成分等方面的差异情况,筛选出对栗疫病有较强抗性且果实品质表现优良的农家品种,从而为锥栗的良种选育提供参考依据。【方法】对锥栗疫病的病原菌进行形态学和核糖体DNA-ITS序列鉴定,在此基础上,对17个锥栗农家品种栗疫病抗性和果实表型性状指标(包括栗疫病染病率、果质量、淀粉含量等15个指标)进行测定,并对锥栗疫病抗性和果实表型性状进行变异分析,通过标准化分析选择优良品种。【结果】栗疫病抗性最强的农家品种为‘小尖嘴’,其染病指数为23.55;栗疫病抗性最弱的农家品种为‘处暑红’,其染病指数为59。17个农家品种在15个表型性状上存在不同程度的变异,果实营养成分的平均变异系数为5.56%,其染病率的平均变异系数为18.29%,果实表型性状指标的平均变异系数为13.33%。17个农家品种的栗疫病抗性和果实表型性状均存在显著差异(P≤0.05),除淀粉含量(P=0.275)外的15个表型性状指标在17个农家品种之间均存在极显著差异(P≤0.01);栗疫病染病率和果实中蔗糖、可溶性蛋白的含量之间均呈现负相关,其相关系数分别为-0.292(P≤0.05)和-0.415(P≤0.01)。通过对所测数据进行标准化分析,从17个农家品种中筛选出了‘大包榛’‘白露仔’‘黄榛’这3个优良农家品种。聚类分析结果表明,17个农家品种可分为3大类:‘牛角仔’(中熟)单独分为第1类;‘牛角仔’(晚熟)‘油桐仔’‘处暑红’‘红仔榛’‘乌榛’聚为第2类;其余11个农家品种聚为第3类。【结论】不同农家品种的果实品质不同,对于栗疫菌侵染所表现出的抗性也存在显著差异。以栗疫病抗性和重要经济性状为选择目标,筛选出了3个栗疫病抗性较强且果实品质优良的农家品种。【Objective】In order to analyze the chestnut blight resistance,main fruit phenotypic characters and nutritional components of different cultivars of Castanea henryi,and to screen out cultivars with strong resistance to chestnut blight and excellent fruit quality,provide reference for C.henryi breeding.【Method】Morphological and ribosomal DNA-ITS sequence identification of the pathogen of chestnut blight was carried out.On this basis,the chestnut blight resistance and fruit traits(including 15 indexes such as infection rate of chestnut blight,nut mass and starch content)of 17 cultivars were measured,we performed variant analysis for chestnut blight resistance and fruit phenotypic traits,selection of superior varieties by standardized analysis.【Result】The most resistant cultivar was‘Xiaojianzui’,which infection index was 23.55,and the weakest resistance cultivar was‘Chushuhong’,which infection index was 59.17 cultivars had varying degrees of variation in 15 phenotypic traits,the average variation of fruit composition was 5.56%,the average of infection rate was 18.29%,and the average variation of fruit morphology was 13.33%.There were significant differences in chestnut blight resistance and fruit phenotypic traits(P≤0.05).Except for starch content(P=0.275),15 phenotypic traits had extremely significant differences between 17 cultivars(P≤0.01).The disease infection rate was negatively correlated with the content of sucrose and soluble protein,and the correlation coefficients were-0.292(P≤0.05)and-0.415(P≤0.01).3 better cultivars including‘Dabaozhen’‘Bailuzi’and‘Huangzhen’were selected by standardizing analysis the measured data from 17 cultivars.System clustering divided 17 cultivars into 3 categories.‘Niujiaozi’(medium-maturing)was divided into the first category alone,‘Niujiaozi’(late-maturing),‘Youtongzi’,‘Chushuhong’,‘Hongzizhen’and‘Wuzhen’were clustered into the second category,and the remaining 11 cultivars were clustered into the third category.【

关 键 词：锥栗 农家品种 栗疫病抗性 果实品质 良种选择 

分 类 号：S664.2[农业科学—果树学]