不同施肥处理对月季‘安吉拉’观赏品质的影响  

Effects of ornamental quality on Rosa‘Angela’under different fertilization treatments

作　　者：刘智媛 秦俊 曾丽[2] LIU Zhiyuan;QIN Jun;ZENG Li(Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden,Shanghai 201602,China;School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海辰山植物园,上海201602 [2]上海交通大学农业与生物学院,上海200240

出　　处：《经济林研究》2022年第1期228-240,共13页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会项目(19DZ1203500);上海市农业农村委员会项目(沪农科创字〔2019〕第3-6号);上海市绿化和市容管理局科技项目(G192405)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同施肥处理对藤本月季‘安吉拉’观赏品质的影响情况,掌握其在生长过程中的需肥规律,为其在园林应用中景观效果的提升和精细化管理与养护提供理论参考依据。【方法】以藤本月季‘安吉拉’2年生苗为试验材料,采用“3414”不完全正交回归试验方案进行试验,每个处理各栽20株,于盛花期测定‘安吉拉’的叶面积、单花直径、开花枝条数等外观形态指标,利用无人机航拍获取盛花期的图像,利用二值化阈值分割法计算花的像素值和开花量,最后运用熵权-TOPSIS法、利用各指标数据建模进行综合评价。【结果】单因素极差分析结果表明:氮元素对藤本月季‘安吉拉’的叶面积、单花直径、单株开花数及整株开花时间起主导作用;磷元素对单朵花的开放时间、单枝开花数的影响最大;钾元素对植株开花枝条数起主导作用。在施用氮肥的各处理中,N_(1)水平能够增大叶面积、增加开花量并延长开花时间,N2水平能够提升其地上部分的N含量;在施用磷肥的各处理中,P_(1)和P_(3)水平均能增加其单株开花数,延长其单朵花的开放时间;P_(0)、N_(0)及N_(3)水平均能限制P在地上部位的积累;K3水平下植株开花枝条数最多,且能促进K元素在植株地上部位的积累。【结论】花像素值可作为藤本月季‘安吉拉’景观品质的快速判断指标。运用熵权-TOPSIS法确定得出,处理12(N_(1)P_(2)K_(1))是14个施肥处理中的最优施肥处理,即在1 m^(3)的栽培基质中分别施用氮192.86 g、磷75.00 g、钾257.14 g,其花像素值可达240597 pt,较对照提升85.27%;平均单株开花数为237.26朵,较对照有效提高4.96倍;整株花的开放时间为24.2 d,较对照有效延长8.6 d。【Objective】To study the effects of ornamental quality of Rosa‘Angela’under different NPK treatment,grasping the law of fertilizer requirement in the growth process and providing a theoretical basis for its improvement in landscape applications for management and maintenance.【Method】Using the two-year-old seedlings of Rosa‘Angela’as experimental materials,through the“3414”incomplete orthogonal regression test design.20 plants were set for each treatment.In the full blooming period,leaf area,single flower diameter,number of flowering branches and other ornamental indicators were measured.At the same time,RGB images were taken by drone aerial photography to calculate the amount of flowers.The entropy weight-TOPSIS method comprehensively evaluated the data modeling of each indicator.【Result】The results of one-way ANOVA showed that nitrogen element did the greatest influence on leaf area,single flower diameter,the number of flowers per plant and the overall flowering period in Rosa‘Angela’.Phosphorus did the greatest effect on the flowering time and the number of flowers per branch.And potassium did the greatest effect on the number of flowering branches.Among the treatments with N fertilizer,the N_(1) level could increase leaf area,flowering volume and flowering time,and the N_(2) level could increase the N content in the above-ground parts;among the treatments with phosphorus fertilizer,the P_(1) and P_(3) levels could increase the number of single flowers and prolong the flowering time of single flowers;the P_(0),N_(0) and N_(3) levels could limit the accumulation of P in the above-ground parts;the K_(3) level had the highest number of flowering branches and promoted the accumulation of K in the above-ground parts.The number of flowering branches was the highest at K_(3) level,and it promoted the accumulation of K in the above-ground parts of the plant.【Conclusion】Flower pixel can be used as a quick indicator of the quality of the Rosa‘Angela’.The TOPSIS method and comprehensive

关 键 词：藤本月季‘安吉拉’ 观赏品质 “3414”试验 单因素极差分析 花像素值 熵权-TOPSIS法 

分 类 号：S685.12[农业科学—观赏园艺]