用于水肥系统的养分离子快检装置研制与试验  

Development and experiment of the rapid detection device of the nutrient ion concentrations for fertigation system

作　　者：张俊卿 陈翔宇 王儒敬[1] 刘宜 李伟 李梦雅 Zhang Junqing;Chen Xiangyu;Wang Rujing;Liu Yi;Li Wei;Li Mengya(Institute of Intelligent Machines,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院智能机械研究所,合肥230031 [2]中国科学技术大学,合肥230026

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第2期102-110,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0700501-2);安徽省自然科学基金青年项目(1908085QE202);合肥研究院院长基金青年“火花”项目(YZJJ2019QN14)。

摘　　要：针对农业生产中难以现场、精准、快速获取水肥系统中养分离子含量的问题,该研究设计了一套针对水肥溶液与浇灌尾水中K^(+)、NO_(3)^(-)、NH_(4)^(+)、PO_(4)^(3-)4种养分离子的快检装置。该装置结合了毛细管电泳(Capillary Electrophoresis,CE)技术和电容耦合非接触电导检测(Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection,C4D)技术,首先使用CE的方式实现养分离子快速分离,再利用C4D原理进行精准测量,在10 min内即可完成单个指标检测。装置由高压系统、C4D检测器、毛细管通道、数据采集卡和上位机组成,采用触摸屏控制,操作简便。为了提升检测效果,在C4D检测器的电路设计上引入了锁相放大技术,测试了其在不同幅值V_(p)和工作频率f下的输出特性曲线,确定了最优参数为f=490 kHz,V_(p)=75 V(阳离子),V_(p)=60 V(阴离子)。使用装置对K^(+)、NO_(3)^(-)、NH_(4)^(+)、PO_(4)^(3-)这4种离子的标准溶液进行检测分析,检测限均可达到1μg/L。最后,为了验证装置的有效性和现场适应能力,在安装了水肥系统的草莓种植温室中对水肥溶液与浇灌尾水样品进行了现场测试,仅需少量样品和简单操作即可快速得出结果,4种养分离子的检测结果相对标准偏差均小于7%,表明该研究提出的装置可以有效地实现配比后的水肥溶液与浇灌尾水的现场快速检测。研究结果为水肥系统的养分离子检测提供了一种可靠的方法与装置,可为设施农业的高效肥料管理提供数据支持。Precise nutrient management has been widely expected to improve nutrient use efficiency in facility agriculture.The acquisition of nutrient data has been one of the most important steps during nutrient management in the fertigation system.The concentrations of macronutrients are of particular interest to the decision-making on t nutrient management,particularly in the ions form of potassium,nitrate,ammonium,and phosphate.Considering that these ions can be directly absorbed by plant roots,it is very necessary to rapidly and accurately detect these ions.However,rapid,accurate,and cost-saving detection is still lacking in the nutrient solution and leaching tail water.In this study,a rapid and accurate detection device was developed for the four kinds of available ions(K^(+),NO_(3)^(-),NH_(4)^(+),and PO_(4)^(3-))concentrations in the fertigation system during production.The capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection(C4D)and capillary electrophoresis(CE)were combined to rapidly quantify the four kinds of ions.The device consisted of a high-voltage system,a C4D detection module,a capillary channel,a data acquisition card,and a host computer.Moreover,the device was also applied in the field via a touch screen with simple operations.The specific detection procedure was as follows.The sample was injected into the capillary channel that was filled with the buffer solution by an electro-injection process,and then a high voltage was applied across the capillary channel.As such,the ions were moved toward the C4D detector at the end of the capillary under the combined influence of electrophoresis and electroosmosis.After that,various nutrient ions were separated into the different ion groups,according to the migration rates.The real-time signal outputs of the C4D detector were recorded through the data acquisition card,where the signal peaks of various ions were also obtained at different times.Finally,the concentration was calculated in the host computer using the peak area of the ions within a few minutes.A phas

关 键 词：养分 温室 毛细管电泳 非接触式电导检测 水肥系统 快速检测 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]