Meta分析养分管理措施对菜田土壤硝酸盐累积淋溶阻控效应  

Inhibiting effects of nutrient managements on nitrate accumulation and leaching in vegetable soil:A meta-analysis

作　　者：金玉文 芦远闯 许华森 李文超 孙志梅[1] Jin Yuwen;Lu Yuanchuang;Xu Huasen;Li Wenchao;Sun Zhimei(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,保定071000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第3期103-111,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(20326909D)。

摘　　要：根系密集层以下土壤剖面硝态氮累积导致的土壤氮淋溶是活性氮损失的主要途径,然而不同养分管理措施对菜田土壤硝酸盐累积和淋溶的系统性影响尚不清楚。该研究通过搜集整理2000-2021年间发表的国内外相关文献数据,分别以农民传统施肥(TF)、单施化肥(CF)和不添加抑制剂(WI)为对照组,应用Meta分析方法整合分析了减量施氮(RF)、有机无机配施(OF)和抑制剂调控(IF)三种主要优化养分管理措施对菜田土壤硝酸盐累积淋溶的影响。结果表明,与各自的对照相比,三种养分管理措施均可以有效降低0~100 cm土壤剖面的硝酸盐累积量及淋溶量。RF、OF和IF分别显著降低0~100、60~80和0~80 cm土层硝酸盐累积量;RF的氮淋溶阻控效应值为-4.301,硝酸盐淋溶量下降43.19%;OF的氮淋溶阻控效应值为-4.279,淋溶量下降36.79%,但有机氮肥替代率大于60%时阻控效应反而下降;对于IF来说,单施脲酶抑制剂或硝化抑制剂,以及二者同时配施对硝酸盐淋溶均具有显著的阻控效应,但以二者同时配施最好,效应值为-4.373,淋溶量下降37.12%。施氮量和水分投入量是影响菜田硝酸盐累积淋溶的两个主要因素,二者总的贡献度达43.2%~47.3%。综合分析表明:对于减氮施肥措施而言,水分、纯氮投入量分别为430.74 mm和646.53 kg/hm^(2)左右时,减氮比例以30%~50%为宜;对于有机无机配施措施而言,在土壤有机质含量较高的土壤上,水分、纯氮投入量分别为360.28 mm和432.18 kg/hm^(2)左右时,有机肥替代化肥比例以30%~60%为宜;抑制剂调控氮素转化则以脲酶/硝化抑制剂配合施用效果最佳。该研究可为蔬菜生产中制定适宜的养分管理策略提供依据。Soil nitrogen leaching has been the main pathway of reactive nitrogen loss,which was caused by the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the soil profile below the dense layer of the root system.However,it is still unclear on the systemic effects of different nutrient managements on the soil nitrate accumulation and leaching in vegetable fields.In this study,a Meta-analysis was used to clarify the effects of reduced nitrogen application(RF),combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers(OF),and inhibitor regulation(IF)on the accumulation and leaching of nitrate in vegetable soil.Taking the conventional nitrogen application(TF),single fertilizer application(CF)and no inhibitor application(WI)as confrol,respectively.Published studies from 2000 to 2021 were collected from the CNKI,Wanfang,Weipu(Chinese databases),and Web of Science database.A systematic literature search was conducted with the key words“organic and inorganic combined application”and“nitrate or nitrate nitrogen”,“optimal fertilization or reduced nitrogen application”and“nitrate or nitrate nitrogen”,“inhibitor(nitrification inhibitor,urease inhibitor,nitrogen regulators)”and“nitrate or nitrate nitrogen”.In the end,a total of 62 literatures were selected to obtain the 377 groups of nitrate accumulation data from 0-100 cm soil profile,and 202groups of nitrate leaching data.The results showed that the three nutrient managements were effectively reduced the concentration of nitrate accumulation and leaching in the 0-100 cm soil profile,compared with the control.Specifically,the concentration of nitrate accumulation significantly decreased in the 0-100 cm soil profile for the RF,the 60~80 cm for the OF,and 0-80 cm for the IF,respectively,compared with the conventional TF,CF and WI.Among them,the RF showed the greatest inhibiting effect of soil nitrogen leaching,with an effect size of-4.301 and a decrease rate of 43.19%.The inhibiting effect size of nitrogen leaching and decrease rate were-4.279 and 36.79%in the OF,respectiv

关 键 词：META分析 菜田 减量施氮 有机无机配施 抑制剂调控 硝酸盐累积:硝酸盐淋溶 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S626[农业科学—农艺学]