组合型孔轮式玉米精量穴播器设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Combined-hole Maize Precision Dibbler

作　　者：伍皖闽 陈学庚[1,2] 王士国 颜利民[1] 蒋德莉[1] 纪超[3] WU Wanmin;CHEN Xuegeng;WANG Shiguo;YAN Limin;JIANG Deli;JI Chao(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China;Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shihezi 832003,China;Mechanical Equipment Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,Shihezi 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学机械电气工程学院,石河子832003 [2]农业农村部西北农业装备重点实验室,石河子832003 [3]新疆农垦科学院机械装备研究所,石河子832000

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2022年第3期60-70,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：兵团重点领域科技攻关计划项目(2020AB011);兵团中青年科技创新领军人才计划项目(2018CB010);新疆农垦科学院院级科研项目(2020YJ011)。

摘　　要：针对新疆现有夹持式穴播器易空穴,充种性能还需进一步提高等问题,结合型孔轮式穴播器和阶梯形型孔对种子适应性强的特点,设计一种组合型孔轮式玉米精量穴播器,通过理论分析建立型孔与取种块间相对运动模型,分析其相对位置对充种性能的影响规律,确定影响排种性能的参数及范围,完成组合型孔和齿板的参数设计。通过单因素试验确定并缩小关键参数范围,以型孔方向角、型孔位置角、穴播器转速为试验因素,以排种合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数为试验指标进行三因素三水平Box-Behnken中心组合试验,得到试验因素与试验指标间的数学模型,应用Design-Expert软件对回归模型进行多目标优化,得到最佳参数为:型孔深度12.3 mm,型孔方向角20.3°,型孔位置角44.7°,穴播器转速40 r/min,此时排种合格指数89.12%,重播指数7.30%,漏播指数3.87%。在最优参数组合下进行台架验证试验,合格指数为91.14%,重播指数4.23%,漏播指数4.63%。土槽试验结果表明,穴播器前进速度为3.38 km/h时,排种合格指数为92.53%,重播指数为3.54%,漏播指数为3.93%,较夹持式穴播器排种合格指数提高了2.53个百分点。Aiming at the problem that the existing gripper hill-seeder in Xinjiang is easy to hole,and the seed filling performance needs to be further improved,a kind of combination-hole maize precision dibbler metering device was designed combining with the characteristics of wheel hole hill-seeder and stepped hole with strong adaptability to seeds,through theoretical analysis,the relative movement model between the combined-hole and the seed wheel was established,and the influence rule of its relative position on seed filling process was analyzed,and the parameters and range that affected seeding performance was determined,and the parameters of the combined-hole and the truss plate were designed.The single factor test was carried out to determine and narrow the scope of key parameters.The direction angle of hole,location angle of hole and rotating speed of metering device were taken as experimental factors,and taking the qualified index of seed spacing,multiple index and missing index as the test evaluations for three factors and three levels Box-Behnken central combination tests,and the mathematical model between experimental factors and indexes was got.Design-Expert software was used to optimize the regression model.The optimum parameters were as follows:the hole depth was 12.3 mm,the direction angle of hole was 20.3°,the location angle of hole was 44.7°,the rotating speed of metering device was 40 r/min.At this time,the qualified index of seeding was 89.12%,the multiple index was 7.30%,and the missing index was 3.87%.In the optimal parameter combination test,the qualified,the multiple and missing index were 91.14%,4.23%and 4.63%,respectively.The result of soil bin test showed that the forward speed of seeder was 3.38 km/h,the qualified index for seeding was 92.53%,the multiple index was 3.54%,and the missing index was 3.93%,The qualified index of seeding was increased by 2.53 percentage points compared with the clamping dibbler.

关 键 词：组合型孔轮式 玉米精量穴播器 参数优化 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]