含沙水磁化处理减缓滴头堵塞机理研究  

Mechanism of Magnetization Treatment of Sandy Water to Relieve Clogging of Dripper

作　　者：牛文全 赵雪[1,3] 王照熙 张文倩 吕畅 董爱红 NIU Wenquan;ZHAO Xue;WANG Zhaoxi;ZHANG Wenqian;LÜ Chang;DONG Aihong(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2022年第3期346-356,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52079112、51679205);山东省重大创新工程项目(2020CXGC010808)。

摘　　要：为探究含沙水磁化处理对悬浮泥沙在滴灌管网中沉降的影响,揭示含沙水磁化处理对滴头堵塞的减缓机理,以内镶贴片式迷宫流道滴头为研究对象,设置4种磁化强度(0、0.2、0.4、0.6 T)和4种粒径级配(0~0.100 mm、0.075~0.100 mm、0.038~0.075 mm、0~0.038 mm)的泥沙,泥沙质量浓度为1.0、3.0 g/L,进行短周期间歇性灌水试验和絮凝沉降试验,利用MS2000型激光粒度分析仪、水质测试仪和乌氏粘度计等对毛管淤积泥沙机械组成、含沙水的电导率和粘滞系数等进行多角度分析。结果表明:磁化处理极显著地减缓了滴头流量和灌水均匀度的下降趋势(p<0.01),细颗粒泥沙(粒径0~0.03 mm)含量较高时,磁化处理对滴头堵塞的减缓作用最大,灌水结束时,滴头平均相对流量和灌水均匀度较未磁化处理分别提高17.41%和47.27%;磁化处理加速了悬浮泥沙的絮凝沉降速度,细颗粒泥沙含量越高,加速作用越大,沉降2 h后含沙水浊度较未磁化处理最高降低29.44%;磁化处理后毛管前段滴头堵塞率平均提高17.71%,毛管前中段淤积泥沙中值粒径减小了11.49%,磁化处理促进了毛管中细颗粒泥沙的絮凝作用,加速了其在毛管前段的沉降。磁化强度为0.4 T时,磁化处理对滴头堵塞和悬浮泥沙絮凝沉降的影响最大。建议引用细颗粒泥沙含量较高的黄河水滴灌时,宜采用磁化处理措施(磁化强度为0.4 T),既可以减缓堵塞以提高毛管使用寿命,又可提高作物生长品质,并定期冲洗毛管,降低滴头堵塞风险。In order to explore the influence of the magnetization treatment of sediment laden water on the settlement of suspended sediment in drip irrigation pipe network,and reveal the mechanism of mitigating the clogging of the dripper by the magnetization of sandy water,taking the inner patch type labyrinth flow channel dripper as the research object,four kinds of magnetization(0 T,0.2 T,0.4 T,0.6 T)and four kinds of sediment particle size gradation(0~0.100 mm,0.075~0.100 mm,0.038~0.075 mm and 0~0.038 mm)sediment were set,the sediment mass concentration was 1.0 g/L and 3.0 g/L,short-period intermittent irrigation test and flocculation sedimentation test were carried out,and the capillary siltation was detected by MS2000 laser particle size analyzer,water quality tester and Ubbelohde viscometer.The mechanical composition of the sediment,the conductivity and the viscosity coefficient of the test muddy water were analyzed from multiple angles.The results showed that magnetization treatment significantly slowed down the downward trend of emitter flow and irrigation uniformity(p<0.01).When the content of fine sand(0~0.03 mm)was high,magnetization treatment had the greatest effect on reducing emitter clogging.At the end of irrigation,the average relative flow rate and irrigation uniformity of the dripper were increased by 17.41%and 47.27%respectively compared with the unmagnetized treatment;magnetization treatment accelerated the flocculation and sedimentation rate of suspended sediment.The higher the content of fine sediment was,the greater the acceleration was,and the sedimentation was 2 h.The turbidity of the back turbidity was reduced by 29.44%compared with the unmagnetized treatment;the clogging rate of the dripper in the front of the capillary was increased by an average of 17.71%after magnetization,and the median size of the sediment in the middle of the capillary was reduced by 11.49%.The magnetization treatment promoted the fineness of the capillary.The flocculation of the granular silt accelerated its settlement in

关 键 词：磁化处理 滴头堵塞 絮凝沉降 泥沙粒径级配 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]