突发公共卫生事件城镇与农村居民焦虑状态变化调查——以新冠肺炎疫情防控为例  

Changes in anxiety of urban and rural residents in public health emergencies: Take control and prevention of COVID-19 as an example

作　　者：余金莲 余雨枫[1] 张一敏 李紫荆 李静[1] 陈思 YU Jinlian;YU Yufeng;ZHANG Yimin;LI Zijin;LI Jing;CHEN Si(Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu,Sichuan 610075,China)

机构地区：[1]成都中医药大学,四川成都610075

出　　处：《中国农村卫生事业管理》2022年第2期139-145,共7页Chinese Rural Health Service Administration

基　　金：四川省教育厅资助科研项目(18SB0189);成都中医药大学“杏林学者”学科人才科研提升项目(SKYY2018012)。

摘　　要：目的 从脆弱性角度探讨突发公共卫生事件居民焦虑状态变化。方法 自2019年12月起运用自制一般资料问卷、焦虑自评问卷以及社会支持度评定量表对四川省及重庆市的两个县城居家隔离的居民进行问卷调查,并于2020年3月、2020年12月再次进行评估,以了解其焦虑状态变化情况以及相关影响因素。结果 共有223位居民参与研究。与国际常模相比,居民在疫情防控期间存在一定焦虑,且焦虑为先增长后降低的趋势(P<0.01)。从脆弱性三要素分析不同脆弱性的居民焦虑状态差别有统计学意义,暴露性高、敏感性高、适应性低者焦虑评分较高(P<0.05),居民焦虑状态与其社会支持度呈负相关(P<0.05),不同年龄、收入状态的居民焦虑状态差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 公共突发事件的不利影响会使居民产生焦虑等负面情绪,与其脆弱性、社会支持度等有一定关联,不仅需要其自身做好防护,提高适应能力,还需要相关人员完善公共事件应急预案、强化心理应激方案等措施来降低居民的脆弱性,加强其社会支持度,从而提高其应对突发事件的能力,降低焦虑情绪。Objective To explore the changes in residents’ anxiety state in public health emergencies from the perspective of vulnerability. Methods Since December 2019, home-quarantine residents in two respective counties of Sichuan and Chongqing were surveyed using self-made general data questionnaire, anxiety self-assessment questionnaire and social support rating scale, and were survey respectively again in March 2020 and December 2020, so as to know about the changes in anxiety state and the related influencing factors. Results A total of 223 residents participated in the study. Compared with the international norm, residents were a bit anxious during the control and prevention of COVID-19, and their anxiety showed a tendency of first growing and then declining(P<0.01). The analysis made from the three elements of vulnerability indicated that there was significant difference in anxiety among residents with different vulnerabilities. Residents with great exposure, high sensitivity, and low adaptability had higher scores of anxiety(P<0.05), and the residents’ anxiety state was negatively correlated with social support(P<0.05). Statistically significant difference was found in the state of anxiety among residents with different ages and incomes(P<0.05). Conclusions The negative impact of public health emergencies can cause such negative emotions as anxiety among residents, which are correlated with their vulnerability and social support. Not only residents need to protect themselves well and improve their ability to adapt, but also relevant personnel need to reduce residents’ vulnerability and strengthen social support for residents by improving response plan for public health emergencies and intensifying measures to handle psychological stress, so as to promote residents’ response to public health emergencies and to alleviate their anxiety.

关 键 词：脆弱性 焦虑 居民 社会支持 相关性 公共事件 村镇 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]