“单人户”入保对低收入群体贫困脆弱性的缓解作用研究——基于CFPS数据的实证分析  

Research on the Alleviation Effect of“Single-person Households”Enrollment on the Poverty Vulnerability of Low-income Groups——An Empirical Analysis Based on CFPS Data

作　　者：张栋[1] 刘文璋 Zhang Dong;Liu WenZhang

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京100872

出　　处：《经济问题探索》2022年第4期55-78,共24页Inquiry Into Economic Issues

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金项目“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助”(21XNH029),项目负责人:张栋。

摘　　要：后扶贫时代背景下,将低收入家庭中特殊困难人员以“单人户”的形式纳入低保制度覆盖范围是建立解决相对贫困长效机制的关键探索。本文基于贫困脆弱性视角构建了“制度结构—个体差异—治理策略”分析框架,使用中国家庭追踪调查数据,运用倾向得分匹配方法构建反事实结果,分析了低保制度对低收入群体贫困脆弱性的影响效应。研究结果显示,低保制度对低收入家庭的贫困脆弱性具备显著的缓解作用;其减贫效应在城乡与区域之间存在显著的差异;其中农村大于城市,西部大于东、中部地区。为此,本文提出以下建议:应逐步扩大低收入群体以“单人户”入保的制度覆盖面,健全对低收入群体的分层分类救助帮扶机制;应将贫困脆弱性纳入到现行低收入家庭贫困预警机制之中,提升对该群体整体致贫风险的动态监测能力;应考虑城乡与区域之间低保制度对低收入群体贫困脆弱性缓解作用的差异性,确保低保制度在城乡与区域之间发挥民生保障安全网均衡兜底的作用。In the context of post-poverty alleviation,it is a key exploration to establish a long-term mechanism to solve relative poverty to include people with special difficulties in low-income families into the coverage of the subsistence allowance system in the form of“single-person households”.Based on the perspective of poverty vulnerability,this paper constructs an analytical framework of“institutional structure—individual differences—governance strategies”,uses Chinese household tracking survey data,uses propensity score matching method to construct counterfactual results,and analyzes the impact of the Dibao system on poverty among low-income groups.The impact of vulnerability.The research results show that the subsistence allowance system has a significant effect on alleviating the poverty vulnerability of low-income families;its poverty reduction effect is significantly different between urban and rural areas and regions;the rural area is larger than the urban area,and the western area is larger than the eastern and central areas.To this end,this paper puts forward the following suggestions:the coverage of the system for low-income groups to be insured by“single-person households”should be gradually expanded,and the tiered and classified assistance and assistance mechanism for low-income groups should be improved;poverty vulnerability should be included in the current low-income group.In the family poverty early warning mechanism,the ability to dynamically monitor the overall poverty risk of this group should be improved;the difference in the role of the subsistence allowance system in alleviating the poverty vulnerability of low-income groups between urban and rural areas and regions should be considered to ensure that the subsistence allowance system is effective in urban and rural areas.The role of the safety net to ensure people’s livelihood is balanced between regions.

关 键 词：单人户 低保制度 低收入群体 贫困脆弱性 

分 类 号：C979[经济管理—劳动经济]