价值计算决定何时与如何努力  

Value Analysis determines when and how to strive

作　　者：曹思琪 汤晨晨 伍海燕 刘勋[1,2] CAO Si-Qi;TANG Chen-Chen;WU Hai-Yan;LIU Xun(CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Department of Psychology,Beijing Sport University 100084,China;Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences,Department of Psychology,University of Macao,Macao 999078,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所行为科学重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学心理学系,北京100049 [3]北京体育大学心理学院,北京100084 [4]澳门大学认知与脑科学研究中心澳门大学心理系,中国澳门999078

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2022年第4期877-887,共11页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：澳门科技发展基金(0127/2020/A3)。

摘　　要：优化努力的分配,最小化努力成本和最大化收益是各个领域的关键问题。本文梳理了基于努力的决策(effort-based decision-making)的理论与实证研究,讨论了努力的两面性:固有成本和潜在价值。通过拓展控制期望价值理论(Expected Value of Control,EVC),本研究探讨了影响努力的非社会与社会因素。探索人们何时以及如何付出努力的计算神经机制,有利于理解与促进社会互动中的努力行为,以及为干预精神疾病中动机缺失症状提供参考。The optimization of effort investment,which minimizes the cost of effort and maximizes benefits,is a core issue in every field.This study aims to review previous theoretical and empirical studies on analysis of effort value.Based on the Paradox of Effort theory,this study expounds on the two sides of effort:inherent cost and potential value.By extending the Expected Value of Control theory,we discussed the non-social and social factors that influence effort.Studies on the mechanisms of effort provide essential insights into understanding the adaptive effort in social life and provide references for treating motivational disorders,shaping learned industriousness and prosocial behavior.

关 键 词：努力 控制期望价值理论 成本-收益权衡 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]