基于模式动物海兔的神经肽及受体研究  

Functional studies on neuropeptides and receptors in model animal Aplysia

作　　者：张果 郭施琪 王慧莹 李亚东 蒋慧敏 余可 丁雪莹 刘为佳 许举平 薛颖喻 杨哲 王健[2,3] 周海波 景键 ZHANG Guo;GUO ShiQi;WANG HuiYing;LI YaDong;JIANG HuiMin;YU Ke;DING XueYing;LIU WeiJia;XU JuPing;XUE YingYu;YANG Zhe;WANG Jian;ZHOU HaiBo;JING Jian(State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,Institute for Brain Sciences,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Ltfe Sciences,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology,Advanced Institute for Life Sciences,School of Life Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;School of Electronic Science and Engineering,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Peng Cheng Laboratory,Shenzhen 518000,China;Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York,NY 10029,USA)

机构地区：[1]南京大学生命科学学院,南京大学生命科学高等研究院,江苏省小核酸生物学和生物技术工程研究中心,化学生命科学合作创新中心,脑科学研究院,医药生物技术国家重点实验室,南京210023 [2]南京大学电子科学与工程学院,南京210023 [3]鹏程实验室,深圳518000 [4]Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,New York,NY 10029,USA

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2022年第3期387-402,共16页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:31861143036,62050071,31671097);中国博士后科学基金(批准号:2020M671435)资助项目。

摘　　要：神经肽广泛存在于动物的中枢神经系统和内分泌系统中,并作为细胞间信息传导的信号分子,在许多生理过程(如行为控制、体温调控、能量平衡、昼夜节律等)中起着重要的调控作用.本文主要关注在中枢神经系统中,控制特定行为的神经环路中的神经元所释放的神经肽及其功能.由于脊椎动物的神经环路比较复杂,在特定的系统中研究清楚所有或大部分的神经肽种类及其功能具有很大的挑战性,因此神经科学家采用诸多无脊椎动物作为模式动物,用来发现新颖的神经肽及其受体,并研究这些神经肽和受体的功能.本文概述了神经肽的基本特征、作用方式及生理功能的研究方法,并着重对具有实验优势的软体动物——海兔的神经肽研究进展进行了综述.强调了神经肽/受体信号系统的多样性及其研究的挑战性.相信这些研究成果对包括哺乳动物在内的脊椎动物的神经肽功能和机制研究起到指导或借鉴作用.Neuropeptides are widely distributed in the central nervous system and the endocrine system.As signaling transduction molecules between cells,neuropeptides play important roles in regulating a variety of physiological processes,such as behavioral control,temperature regulation,energy balance,circadian rhythm.In this paper,we primarily review the discoveries and functions of neuropeptides that are released by neuronal elements in behavior-generating neural circuits in the central nervous system.Due to the complexity of neural circuits,it has been highly challenging to study all or most of the neuropeptides and their functions in a specific system in vertebrates.Consequently,many invertebrates have been used as model animals to discover novel neuropeptides and their receptors,and to study the functions of these neuropeptides and receptors.We describe the basic characteristics,modes of actions,and research approaches,particularly the progress of neuropeptide research in the experimentally-advantageous mollusc Aplysia.We highlight the diversity of neuropeptide/receptor signaling systems and the challenges in studying them.We believe that the findings in invertebrates will provide novel insights for the research on the functions and mechanisms of neuropeptides in vertebrates,including mammals.

关 键 词：神经肽 神经肽受体 模式动物海兔 生理功能 摄食 位置移动 

分 类 号：Q95-33[生物学—动物学]