2010—2020年宁德近岸海域赤潮时空分布特征分析  

Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Red Tide in Ningde Coastal Waters From 2010 to 2020

作　　者：康建华 黄舒虹 林毅力 裴璐璐 罗肇河 KANG Jianhua;HUANG Shuhong;LIN Yili;PEI Lulu;LUO Zhaohe(Third Institution of Oceanography,MNR,Xiamen 361005,China;Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第三海洋研究所,厦门361005 [2]福州大学,福州350108

出　　处：《海洋开发与管理》2022年第3期3-8,共6页Ocean Development and Management

基　　金：厦门市青年创新基金项目(3502Z20206095)。

摘　　要：文章收集整理2010—2020年发生在宁德近岸海域的赤潮事件,综合分析该海域赤潮的时空分布和种类特征,结果表明:(1)近11年来宁德近岸海域共发生赤潮16起,年均1.5起;总面积高达1 468 km^(2),年均133.5 km^(2);持续时间共169天,年均15.4天。(2)从月份上看,赤潮发生在4—6月,高发期为5月。(3)发生赤潮的种类共有3种甲藻和1种硅藻,其中发生次数、面积和持续天数最高的均为东海原甲藻,其次为米氏凯伦藻,最低为中肋骨条藻。(4)从空间分布上来看,福宁湾及其周边海域(A区)赤潮次数和持续天数最长,三沙湾外海域(D区)赤潮面积最大,三沙湾内海域(C区)的赤潮种类最多。(5)米氏凯伦藻引发的有毒赤潮共4次,主要集中在霞浦近岸海域。适宜的温度、盐度、丰富的营养盐和良好的天气是米氏凯伦藻形成赤潮的前提条件。In order to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution and species characteristics of red tide in the coastal waters of Ningde, all red tide events occurred in this study area were collected from 2010 to 2020. The important conclusions were as follows: Firstly, a total of 16 red tides occurred in Ningde coastal waters, with an annual average of 1.5 times in the past 11 years. The total area of red tides was as high as 1468 km^(2), with an annual average of 133.5 km^(2). The duration of red tides was 169 days, with an annual average of 15.4 days. Secondly, red tide occurred from April to June, with a high frequency in May. Thirdly, red tide species included dinoflagellates and diatoms. In terms of frequency and area of red tide, Prorocentrum donghaiense ranked first, followed by Karenia mikimotoi, and the last one was Skeletonema costatum. Fourthly, in terms of spatial distribution, the locations with the highest frequency of red tide and the longest duration were in Funing Bay and its surrounding waters(Zone A), while the largest area of red tide was scattered in Sansha outer Bay(Zone D), and the largest number of red tide species was located in Sansha inner Bay(Zone C). Fifthly, there were four times of toxic red tides caused by Karenia mikimotoi, mainly concentrated in the waters around Xiapu coastal waters. Appropriate temperature and salinity, rich nutrients and good weather were the prerequisite conditions for the formation of red tide of Karenia mikimotoi.

关 键 词：赤潮 时空分布 硅藻 甲藻 米氏凯伦藻 宁德近岸海域 

分 类 号：P76[天文地球—海洋科学]