氮磷钾肥不同滴灌撒施组合对富士苹果^(15)N吸收分配及利用率的影响  

Effect of different combinations of dripping and spreading fertilization of N, P and K fertilizers on uptake, distribution and utilization of ^(15)N in Fuji apple

作　　者：杨安 李燕青[1] 李壮[1] 车升国 程存刚[1] YANG An;LI Yanqing;LI Zhuang;CHE Shengguo;CHENG Cungang(Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits,Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Utilization of Horticultural Crops,Ministry of Agricul-ture and Rural Affairs,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China;Heze Forestry Technical Service Center,Heze 274000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院果树研究所·辽宁省落叶果树矿质营养与肥料高效利用重点实验室·农业农村部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城125100 [2]菏泽市林业技术服务中心,山东菏泽274000

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第4期564-573,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP);财政部和农村农业部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-28)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同滴灌撒施组合下树体对^(15)N的吸收分配以及氮肥利用率的影响,旨在获得适宜的肥料滴灌组合。【方法】以2年生烟富3/T337/山丁子为试材,采用盆栽、滴灌袋模拟滴灌施肥方法。设置氮肥(N)、磷钾肥(PK)的滴灌或撒施的5个处理。T1:N撒施,PK滴灌;T2:N撒施,PK撒施(PK为水溶肥);T3:N滴灌,PK滴灌;T4:N滴灌,PK撒施(PK为水溶肥);T5:N滴灌,PK撒施(PK为普通肥料)。【结果】植株各器官的Ndff值均在T3处理下最高,中间砧和毛细根在T3处理与T5处理间有显著差异;主干和主根的^(15)N吸收量均在T5处理下吸收最高,其他部位的^(15)N吸收量在T5处理与其他处理间均无显著差异,^(15)N分配率除主干外其他部位均无显著差异,主干在不同处理间有显著差异,在T5处理下分配率最高(11.24%),T3、T4处理下叶片和枝条的分配率显著高于其他部位;多年生枝的氮肥利用率在T3处理下最高,且与T1处理有显著差异。主干的氮肥利用率在T5处理最高,与其他4个处理均有显著差异。侧根的氮肥利用率在T4处理下最高,与T1、T2处理有显著差异。植株整体的氮肥利用率在T3、T4处理与T1、T2处理间有显著差异,与T5处理无显著差异。【结论】综上所述,实际栽培管理中可以推广氮肥滴灌、磷钾肥撒施普通肥料的施肥方式。【Objective】Fertigation is a new technology for integrated agricultural water and fertilizer management, which can effectively achieve simultaneous supply and efficient use of water and fertilizer. Fertigation technology is widely used in China in the production of maize, tomatoes, bananas and other fruits and vegetables, but the application in apple industry is far behind other countries. We aimed to study the effects of tree uptake, distribution and utilization of ^(15)N under different combinations of dripping and spreading fertilization of N, P and K fertilizers to obtain the proper way of fertilization.【Methods】The trial was conducted with 2-year-old nursery trees of Yanfu 3/T337/Malus baccada(Linn.)Borkh. as test materials, and the pot test and drip irrigation bags were used to simulate dripping fertilization. Five treatments were set up for dripping and spreading application of nitrogen(N), phosphorus and potassium(PK) fertilizers. T1: N spreading, PK dripping;T2: N spreading, PK spreading(water soluble PK fertilizer);T3: N drip irrigation, PK drip irrigation;T4: N drip irrigation, PK sprinkle(water soluble PK fertilizer);T5: N driping, PK spreading(common PK fertilizer). All fertilizers were applied in May,June and July 2019. The amount of fertilizer applied each month was one third of the total fertilizer. The fertilizers used for spreading fertilization in the trial were spread on the pots and then mixed with the soils on the 5th day of each month, 1/3 amount of the fertilizers were used for each month. The fertilizers used for dripping fertilization treatment were used three times for each month at an interval of 7-10days. All treatments were repeated three times. The total amount of the fertilizers used for each pot(the weight of dry soil in a pot was about 20 kg) was 10 g of N, 5 g of phosphorus pentoxide and 5 g of potassium oxide. The specific fertilizer dosage was calculated based on the actual nutrient content of the fertilizer. The whole plant was covered with a screen net. The leaves wer

关 键 词：苹果 滴灌方式 撒施方式 ^(15)N 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]