减量化肥配施海藻复合物对葡萄产量、品质和养分吸收的影响  

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with seaweed complex application on yield, fruit quality and nutrient absorption of grape

作　　者：于会丽[1] 谢宁 徐国益 邵微[1,2] 徐变变 乔宪生 司鹏[1] YU Huili;XIE Ning;XU Guoyi;SHAO Wei;XU Bianbian;QIAO Xiansheng;SI Peng(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China;College of Forest-ry,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China;Shangqiu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Shangq-iu 476000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009 [2]河南农业大学林学院,郑州450002 [3]商丘市农林科学院,河南商丘476000

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第4期584-592,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：兵团重大科技项目(2019AA004);河南省重点研发计划(202102110195);“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200405)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同化肥用量配施海藻复合物对葡萄产量、品质和养分吸收的影响,为葡萄园合理施肥提供理论依据。【方法】在郑州和新乡2个园区,以阳光玫瑰为供试材料,设置6个处理:F(全量传统水溶肥)、HF(全量传统水溶肥配施海藻复合物)、F1(减量25%传统水溶肥)、HF1(减量25%传统水溶肥配施海藻复合物)、F2(减量50%传统水溶肥)和HF2(减量50%传统水溶肥配施海藻复合物)。【结果】在郑州和新乡2个园区,HF处理较F处理能增加葡萄单果质量和产量,且在减量施肥条件下,HF1处理和HF2处理的单果质量和产量均高于F处理,其中,在郑州园区,HF2处理葡萄产量较F处理显著增加9.5%;在新乡园区HF1处理的葡萄单果质量和产量较F处理分别显著增加26.52%和66.31%。在郑州园区,HF1处理和HF2处理果实内在品质与F处理无显著差异;而在新乡园区,F1处理和HF1处理的可溶性糖含量较F处理分别显著增加了31.46%和30.01%。同时,郑州园区配施海藻复合物处理果实色泽优于F处理,新乡园区HF1处理果实色泽与F处理无显著差异,但HF2处理显著降低了果实色泽参数。在养分含量方面,2个园区HF处理较F处理均能增加果实磷、钾养分含量,且在减量施肥条件下HF1处理果实磷含量显著高于F处理。【结论】在2个园区当前条件下,化肥减量均可增加葡萄产量和果实磷养分含量,其中减量25%传统水溶肥配施海藻复合物的果实可溶性糖、果实磷和钾养分含量均高于其减量50%处理。综合分析,减量25%传统水溶肥配施海藻复合物处理葡萄产量、果实品质和养分吸收综合效果较优。【Objective】The study aimed to investigate the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with seaweed complex application on yield, quality and nutrient absorption in grape to provide a theoretical basis for rational fertilization in vineyards.【Methods】Field experiments were conducted in the vineyards in Zhengzhou and Xinxiang. Shine Muscat Grape was used as experimental material, and six treatments were as follows: F(full dose of traditional water soluble fertilizer), HF(full dose of traditional water soluble fertilizer combined with seaweed complex), F1(25% reduction in traditional water soluble fertilizer), HF1(25% reduction of traditional water soluble fertilizer combined with seaweed complex with), F2(50% reduction of traditional water soluble fertilizer), HF2(50% reduction of traditional water soluble fertilizer combined with seaweed complex with). Three repeats were set for each treatment, with a single plot and random block arrangement. Grape plant spacing was 1.5 m×3.5 m and1.5 m×3.0 m respectively in Zhengzhou and Xinxiang vineyards. The nitrogen fertilizers were urea and potassium nitrate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate was used for phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, in which the deficiency of potassium fertilizer was supplemented by kalium nitrate fertilizer. In all treatments, the fertilizers were applied in the bud break stage, young fruit stage, expansion stage, and20 days before harvest, respectively. In each stage, the proportion of pure N, P2O5, K2O in total fertilizer application was 40%-15%-15%, 30%-40%-15%, 20%-30%-40%, 10%-15%-30%, respectively,which were applied by simple fertilization gun. Other field management measures were consistent with the local traditional management.【Results】The single fruit weight and yield of grapes in Zhengzhou and Xinxiang vineyards were improved by the HF treatments compared with the F treatment. Under the condition of reduced fertilization, the single fruit quality and yield of the HF1 and HF2 treatments were higher those

关 键 词：葡萄 含海藻复合物 产量 果实品质 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]