防治长柔毛野豌豆生草果园杂草茎叶处理剂筛选  

Screening of post-emergence herbicides to control weeds in Vicia villosa fields in orchards

作　　者：王恒智[1] 王立鹏 孙瑞红[2] 金涛 彭学岗 王金信[1] 刘伟堂[1] WANG Hengzhi;WANG Lipeng;SUN Ruihong;JIN Tao;PENG Xuegang;WANG Jinxin;LIU Wei-tang(College of Plant Protection,Shandong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technology,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China;Shandong Institute of Pomology,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China;Qingdao Kingagroot Chemicals Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院·山东省农药毒理与应用技术重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271018 [3]青岛清原化合物有限公司,山东青岛266000

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第4期674-684,共11页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2018CXGC0213)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选出有效防治果园长柔毛野豌豆生草田杂草的茎叶处理剂,为果园长柔毛野豌豆生草田杂草的化学防治提供参考。【方法】室内盆栽比较了8种除草剂对长柔毛野豌豆的安全性和常见杂草的生物活性,筛选药剂进行复配,进一步研究复配制剂的联合除草类型,测定其对长柔毛野豌豆的安全性及其在长柔毛野豌豆与杂草之间的选择性指数,并对复配制剂进行田间药效试验。【结果】灭草松、咪唑乙烟酸与精喹禾灵茎叶喷雾处理在2×田间推荐剂量下对长柔毛野豌豆安全。咪唑乙烟酸在长柔毛野豌豆与碎米莎草、马唐、牛筋草、狗尾草、播娘蒿、牛繁缕之间的选择性指数大于2.0;灭草松在长柔毛野豌豆与荠菜、播娘蒿、牛繁缕之间的选择性指数小于0.7,安全性差;精喹禾灵在长柔毛野豌豆与牛筋草、狗尾草、马唐之间的选择性指数大于8.8。联合作用测定结果表明咪唑乙烟酸与精喹禾灵按不同质量比复配后对马唐、牛筋草、看麦娘、牛繁缕、播娘蒿、荠菜的联合作用类型均为加成作用,其中以质量比2∶1复配后,选择性指数在2.4~8.9之间。田间试验结果显示:咪唑乙烟酸和精喹禾灵复配后在有效成分125~150 g·hm;剂量下,于杂草2~3叶期、长柔毛野豌豆3~5复叶期茎叶喷雾处理,药后30 d对荠菜、播娘蒿和看麦娘的总体鲜质量防效在86%以上,同时对长柔毛野豌豆安全。【结论】咪唑乙烟酸和精喹禾灵复配可以作为果园长柔毛野豌豆生草田防除杂草候选药剂。【Objective】Vicia villosa,an annual leguminous plant,is usually used as high-quality forage,green fertilizer or cover crop,and widely distributed in Europe,Central Asia,Iran and the eastern United States.In China,V.villosa is being widely grown as cover or companion crop in orchards,which can greatly improve pollination rate by attracting insects.At the same time,it can reduce soil water evaporation,increase soil organic matter content and porosity,and improve p H value in soil surface and microbial activity in soil.In addition,compared with weeds,V.villosa has stronger competitiveness to living factors such as light,living space,water and nutrients,which can effectively inhibit the germination,emergence and growth of other harmful weeds.However,it was found that V.villosa is not easy to establish population due to the competition of other harmful weeds in the early stage of cover crop growing,and the weed chemical control in the early stage of cover crop growing is particularly important.Thus,this study aimed to finding out appropriate post-emergence (POST) herbicides against harmful weeds in V.villosa fields in orchads.【Methods】Whole-plant dose response experiments were conducted in greenhouse to evaluate the safty to V.Villosa and efficacy against weeds of eight POST herbicides that are safe for legumes and screen out herbicides for mixing.The joint effect type,the safety to V.Villosa and the selectivity indexs (SIs) of the mixtures were futher evaluated in greenhouse.Weed control efficacy and response of V.Villosa to the mixtures were also investigated in field experiments.【Results】The results of greenhouse study showed that flumetsulam,fluoroglycofen-ethyl,fomesafen and clopyralid caused serious damage to V.Villosa,with fresh weight inhibition higher than 90%at 1×filed recommended rates,while bentazone,imazethapyr and quizalofop-P-ethyl were safe to V.villosa,with fresh weight inhibiton lower than 30%at 2×filed recommended rates.In weed control spectrum tests,imazethapyr POST application at 75 g

关 键 词：果园生草 长柔毛野豌豆 咪唑乙烟酸 精喹禾灵 除草活性 安全性 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]