岩溶地区森林自然恢复过程中植物和土壤微生物多样性的关联分析  

Correlation Analysis of Plant and Soil Microbial Diversity during Forest Natural Restoration in Karst Region,Southwest China

作　　者：陆志成[1] 温远光[2,3] 周晓果 王磊 孙冬婧[3] 朱宏光 李景文[1] LU Zhicheng;WEN Yuanguang;ZHOU Xiaoguo;WANG Lei;SUN Dongjing;ZHU Hongguang;LI Jingwen(School of Ecology and Nature Reserves,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing,100083,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation,Forestry College,Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi,530004,China;Institute of Eco-Environmental Research,Guangxi Academy of Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi,530007,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083 [2]广西大学林学院,广西森林生态与保育重点实验室,广西南宁530004 [3]广西科学院生态环境研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《广西科学》2022年第1期108-119,共12页Guangxi Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860171,32160358,31460121);广西重点研发计划项目(2018AB40007)资助。

摘　　要：本研究以岩溶地区森林自然恢复过程中的草丛(HL)、灌丛(SL)、灌乔林(SAF)、次顶极乔林(SCAF)和顶极乔林(CAF)为研究对象,对植物多样性与土壤微生物群落多样性进行关联分析,探究森林恢复能否促进整个生态系统的恢复,为岩溶森林生态保护修复和科学管理提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)随着森林的恢复,植物群落的物种丰富度显著增加,由HL阶段的最低值8.44种持续增至SCAF阶段的32.67种,至CAF阶段又降至17.33种。(2)随着森林的恢复,土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、交换性钙和交换性镁的含量显著增加,土壤pH值显著降低,由HL阶段的7.51降至CAF阶段的6.45,而土壤容重呈“V”形变化,HL最高,SAF最低,CAF次高。(3)土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、生物量氮(MBN)和生物量磷(MBP)含量均随着森林的恢复而显著增加,其中MBC和MBN含量分别由HL的(425.53±51.05)mg·kg^(-1)、(61.26±16.96)mg·kg^(-1)持续上升,至SCAF达到峰值,分别为(1015.36±46.69)mg·kg^(-1)、(310.45±11.90)mg·kg^(-1),至CAF又分别回落到(901.95±75.29)mg·kg^(-1)、(242.55±26.60)mg·kg^(-1);土壤微生物群落磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数也呈类似的规律,随着森林恢复持续增加。(4)线性回归分析表明,除物种丰富度指数外,不同恢复阶段植物群落与土壤微生物群落同一多样性指数两两间均呈显著的线性相关关系。(5)结构方程模型进一步揭示土壤微生物群落多样性存在多种调控路径,植物群落组成、多样性、土壤养分、土壤微生物生物量和酶活性共同解释了土壤微生物群落多样性90%的变异。综上所述,岩溶地区森林的恢复能促进植物群落物种多样性、土壤理化性质和土壤微生物群落多样性的恢复,有利于加速生态系统功能的恢复。In this study,herb lands(HL),shrub lands(SL),shrub and arbor forests(SAF),sub-climax arbor forests(SCAF),and climax arbor forests(CAF)in the process of natural forest restoration in Karst area were taken as the research objects.The correlation analysis between plant diversity and soil microbial community diversity was carried out to explore whether forest restoration can promote the recovery of the whole ecosystem and provide theoretical basis for ecological protection,restoration and scientific management of Karst forests.The results showed that:(1)With the restoration of forest,the species richness of plant communities increased significantly,the species richness of plant communities increased significantly with forest restoration,from the lowest value of 8.44 at HL stage to 32.67 at SCAF stage,and then decreased to 17.33 species at CAF stage.(2)With the forest restoration,the contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium increased significantly,and the soil pH value decreased significantly,from 7.51 at HL stage to 6.45 at CAF stage.The soil bulk density changed in"V"shape,HL was the highest,SAF was the lowest,and CAF was the second highest.(3)The contents of soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC),microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN)and microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP)increased significantly with the restoration of forest.MBC and MBN had increased from(425.53±51.05)mg·kg^(-1) and(61.26±16.96)mg·kg^(-1) at HL stage to the peak of SCAF,which were(1015.36±46.69)mg/kg and(310.45±11.90)mg·kg^(-1),and then decreased to(901.95±75.29)mg·kg^(-1) and(242.55±26.60)mg·kg^(-1) at CAF stage,respectively.The Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index and Pielou′s evenness index of soil microbial community also showed a similar pattern,which increased continuously with forest restoration.(4)The linear regression analysis showed that except the species richness index,there was a significant

关 键 词：岩溶地区 森林恢复 植物群落 土壤微生物群落 物种多样性 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]