低氧胁迫对光棘球海胆Mesocentrotus nudus致死性及生理机能的影响  

Effects of Hypoxia Stress on Lethality and Physiological Function of Mesocentrotus nudus

作　　者：丁茹馨 王全超[2] 纪莹璐 沈斌 陈琳琳[2] 李宝泉[2] DING Ruxin;WANG Quanchao;JI Yinglu;SHEN Bin;CHEN Linlin;LI Baoquan(National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan,Zhejiang,316000,China;Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental and Ecological Remediation,Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research,Chinese Academy of Science,Yantai,Shandong,264003,China;North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center of State Oceanic Administration,Qingdao,Shandong,266061,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学国家海洋设施养殖工程技术研究中心,浙江舟山316000 [2]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室,山东烟台264003 [3]国家海洋局北海预报中心,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《广西科学》2022年第1期158-167,共10页Guangxi Sciences

基　　金：美丽中国生态文明建设科技工程专项(XDA23050304);中国科学院国际合作局国际伙伴计划项目(133137KYSB20200002)资助。

摘　　要：全球近海底层水体低氧现象日趋频繁,严重影响到海洋生态系统的稳定性。为掌握光棘球海胆Mesocentrotus nudus对低氧胁迫的耐受能力,通过室内生态模拟实验,分析3种规格的光棘球海胆,即大规格海胆平均体质量(91.41±3.31)g、中规格(60.79±3.42)g和小规格(4.15±0.18)g,在3个溶解氧(Dissolved Oxygen,DO)浓度水平(0.5 mg/L、2.0 mg/L、3.0 mg/L)胁迫下的行为、存活、半致死时间(Median Lethal Time,LT_(50))以及超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)活力。结果表明,在DO 0.5 mg/L和DO 2.0 mg/L低氧胁迫下,海胆行为表现异常,低氧初期海胆表现为管足活力下降、吸附力降低,移动能力变弱,同时伴随棘脱落,随着低氧暴露时间延长,海胆各项活动能力进一步减弱,直至死亡;在DO 3.0 mg/L胁迫下,中、大规格海胆无死亡现象。3种规格海胆死亡率随低氧暴露时间延长都有所增加,其中在DO 0.5 mg/L胁迫下,3种规格海胆的最终死亡率都达到100%,但在DO 2.0 mg/L胁迫下,随低氧胁迫时间的延长,3种规格海胆都对低氧胁迫表现出不同程度的适应,很少死亡。3种规格海胆的LT_(50)在DO 0.5 mg/L和DO 2.0 mg/L两种低氧胁迫水平下存在差异,DO 0.5 mg/L胁迫下,大规格海胆的LT_(50)为70.50 h,中规格为34.64 h,小规格为34.02 h;DO 2.0 mg/L胁迫下,中规格海胆的LT_(50)延长至120.88 h,小规格海胆延长至107.15 h。此外,中规格海胆在两种低氧胁迫水平下,体内的超氧化物歧化酶活力均发生了明显变化,说明低氧胁迫已影响到光棘球海胆的抗氧化系统。本研究初次掌握了光棘球海胆在不同环境低氧胁迫下的生存和低氧适应情况,可为低氧海域光棘球海胆种群维持以及海胆养殖业的健康发展提供参考。The phenomenon of hypoxia in the bottom water of the global offshore is becoming more and more frequent,which seriously affects the stability of marine ecosystem.In order to master the tolerance of Mesocentrotus nudus to hypoxia stress,three sizes of Mesocentrotus nudus,e.g.large size with an average body weight of(91.41±3.31)g,medium(60.79±3.42)g and small(4.15±0.18)g,were analyzed through indoor ecological simulation experiment.The behaviors,survival time,median lethal time(LT_(50))and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities of them were analyzed under the stress of three dissolved oxygen(DO)concentrations(0.5 mg/L,2.0 mg/L,3.0 mg/L).The results showed that under hypoxia stress conditions of DO 0.5 mg/L and 2.0 mg/L,sea urchin individuals all showed abnormal behaviors.At the early stage of hypoxia,the sea urchin showed a decrease in the tubular foot activity,a decrease in the adsorption capacity,and a weakening in the mobility.At the same time,it was accompanied by spines shedding.With the extension of hypoxia exposure time,the activities of sea urchin were further weakened until death.Under DO 3.0 mg/L stress,there was no death in medium and large size sea urchin.The mortality rates of the three sizes of sea urchin increased with the prolongation of hypoxia exposure time.Under DO 0.5 mg/L stress,the final mortality rates of the three sizes of sea urchin reached 100%.However,under DO 2.0 mg/L stress,with the prolongation of hypoxia exposure time,the three sizes of sea urchin showed different degrees of adaptation to hypoxia stress,and few died.In addition,the LT_(50)of three sizes of sea urchin were different under DO 0.5 mg/L and DO 2.0 mg/L.Under DO 0.5 mg/L stress,the LT_(50)of large,medium and small sizes of sea urchin were 70.50 h,34.64 h and 34.02 h,respectively.Under DO 2.0 mg/L stress,the LT_(50)of medium size sea urchin was extended to 120.88 h,and that of small size sea urchin was extended to 107.15 h.In addition,the activities of superoxide dismutase in medium-sized sea urchins also varied significant

关 键 词：光棘球海胆 低氧胁迫 半致死时间 死亡率 SOD 

分 类 号：Q955[生物学—动物学]