救灾物资配置的最优模式选择:自由交易、行政限价还是政府供应  

The Optimal Allocation of Relief Material:Free Trade,Price Limitation or Government Supply

作　　者：姚东旻 兰书钦 尹莹 张鹏远 YAO Dongmin;LAN Shuqin;YIN Ying;ZHANG Pengyuan(Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学中国财政发展协同创新中心,北京市102206

出　　处：《管理学报》2022年第3期433-442,共10页Chinese Journal of Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助重点项目(20AJY020);北京市教育委员会高精尖学科战略经济与军民融合资助项目(024059320008)。

摘　　要：为寻找救灾物资配置的最优模式,通过建立物资供求模型,从消费者剩余角度比较政府在不同受灾地区选择不同救灾物资配置模式的效果差异。研究表明:无论是行政命令、市场机制或是两者混合的方式,不同的配置模式在特定情形下都有可能成为最优选择,不存在"一刀切"的最优物资配置模式;最优配置模式的选择受到灾区比例、供需弹性、财政能力以及政府监管力度等因素的综合影响;对于轻微的灾害,政府应向灾区免费发放物资,在非灾区通过市场配置物资;对于严重的灾害,财政能力大的政府应向灾区免费发放物资,在非灾区通过限价干预配置物资,而对于财政能力小的政府,所有地区应在政府监管下,通过市场配置物资。To find the optimal mode of disaster relief material allocation,this study establishes the material supply and demand model and compares the effects of different allocation modes selected by the government in different disaster areas from the perspective of consumer surplus.The results show that whether it is administrative order,market mechanism or a mixture of the two,different allocation modes may become the optimal choice under specific circumstances,there is no “one size fits all” optimal allocation mode.The choice of optimal allocation mode is affected by a combination of factors such as the proportion of disaster areas,supply and demand elasticity,financial capacity and government supervision.For minor disasters,the government shall distribute materials free of charge to disaster areas and allocate materials through the market in non-disaster areas.For serious disasters,the government with large financial capacity should distribute materials free of charge to the disaster areas and allocate materials through price limit intervention in non-disaster areas,while for the government with small financial capacity,it should allocate materials through the market under the supervision of the government for all regions.

关 键 词：救灾物资配置 最优模式选择 消费者剩余 供求模型 

分 类 号：C93[经济管理—管理学]