我国大直径井筒机械破岩钻井技术与装备新进展  

The Latest Development of Mechanical Rock Breaking Drilling Technology and Equipment for Large Diameter Shaft in China

作　　者：刘志强 宋朝阳 LIU Zhiqiang;SONG Zhaoyang(Beijing China Coal Mine Engineering Company Limited,Beijing 100013,China;National Engineering Research Center of Deep Shaft Construction,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中煤矿山工程有限公司,北京100013 [2]矿山深井建设技术国家工程研究中心,北京100013

出　　处：《建井技术》2022年第1期1-9,共9页Mine Construction Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52004125);天地科技股份有限公司创新创业资金重点项目(2021-2-TD-ZD006)。

摘　　要：目前以钻孔爆破破岩为主的地下工程井筒施工,形成了伞形钻架钻孔、人工装药、抓岩机装岩、吊桶提升、整体模板砌壁的短段掘砌的普通凿井方法,然而爆破破岩凿井法存在作业工序不连续、作业人员多、职业伤害严重等问题,普通凿井法工序繁杂,难以向无人化和智能化方向发展,亟需突破由不连续的爆破破岩向连续的机械破岩技术转变,实现以机械破岩为基础的安全、高效、绿色、智能化凿井。首先梳理了地下矿物资源开发与地下工程中井筒建设现状,阐述了直径8.5 m竖井钻机钻井、坚硬岩石地层直径4.5 m和软岩地层直径6.0 m的反井钻机钻井、直径5.8 m导井式下排渣竖井掘进机钻井、直径7.83 m机械式上排渣竖井掘进机钻井、直径12.8 m沉井式竖井掘进机钻井和斜井硬岩全断面掘进机钻井等机械破岩装备钻井技术发展与工程实践,提出了机械破岩凿井存在的问题及未来发展方向。At present,the construction of the shaft of underground engineering mainly by drilling and blasting and breaking rock has formed the common sinking method of umbrella-shaped drilling frame drilling,human tooling,rock grabbing machine loading,bucket lifting,and short section digging and laying of the whole template wall.However,there are some problems such as discontinuous working procedure,large number of workers and serious occupational injury.The common well sinking method is complicated and difficult to develop in the direction of unmanned and intelligent.Therefore,it is urgent to break through the transformation from discontinuous blasting rock breaking to continuous mechanical rock breaking technology,and realize the safe,efficient,green and intelligent well sinking based on mechanical rock breaking.Firstly,the status quo of underground mineral resource development and shaft construction in underground engineering is summarized.The paper describes the drilling of 8.5 m diameter vertical drilling rig,the drilling of 4.5 m diameter hard rock stratum and 6.0 m diameter reverse drilling rig,the drilling of 5.8 m diameter guide type lower slagging vertical drilling machine,the drilling of 7.83 m diameter mechanical upper slagging vertical drilling machine,the drilling of 12.8 m diameter caisson type vertical drilling machine.Drilling technology development and engineering practice of mechanical rock breaking equipment such as inclined well hard rock full section roadheader drilling.The existing problems and future development direction of mechanical rock-breaking drilling are put forward.

关 键 词：建井技术 机械破岩 竖井钻机钻井 反井钻机钻井 竖井掘进机凿井 

分 类 号：TD67[矿业工程—矿山机电]