肥密耦合提高玉米全生育期茎倒抗性  

Fertility Rate-Planting Density Coupling Improved Stem Lodging Resistance of Maize during Whole Growth Period

作　　者：王孝虎 李银昌 宋朝玉[2] 王圣健[2] 杨锦忠 Wang Xiaohu;Li Yinchang;Song Zhaoyu;Wang Shengjian;Yang Jinzhong(College of Agriculture,Qingdao Agricultural University/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology,Qingdao266109,China;Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao266109,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学院/山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室,山东青岛266109 [2]青岛市农业科学研究院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2022年第3期35-42,共8页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“玉米密植高产宜机收品种筛选及其配套栽培技术”(2016YFD0300306)。

摘　　要：为了探明肥密耦合对玉米茎倒抗性的影响,本试验设置3个施肥量[N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O用量分别为78.0、112.5、57.0kg/hm^(2)(F1),132.0、139.5、90.0kg/hm^(2)(F2),186.0、168.0、124.5kg/hm^(2)(F3)]和3个密度(6.0万、7.5万、9.0万株/hm^(2))处理进行组合试验,采用遵循结构力学原理的抗茎倒指数作为茎倒抗性的评价指标,并分5个生育时期使用田间原位拉力仪测试茎秆抗弯折力。结果表明,同一密度不同施肥量处理各指标的变化趋势为:6.0万株/hm^(2)密度下抗茎倒指数、弯折力矩和风合力矩均随施肥量的增加而增加;7.5万株/hm^(2)密度下F2处理抗茎倒指数及其组分在3个施肥量中平均表现最优;9.0万株/hm^(2)密度下各施肥量处理抗茎倒指数的变化在各生育时期之间有所不同,而弯折力矩和风合力矩均随施肥量的增加而降低。相同施肥量下,玉米抗茎倒指数、弯折力矩整体上均随密度的增加而呈降低趋势,各生育时期表现基本一致;风合力矩则随密度变化的趋势略有不同。生育时期对抗茎倒指数及其组分的影响最大且远大于其它因素,其效应量分别为0.43、0.30、0.72。综合来看,增加密度的同时适当提高施肥水平才能使玉米植株既可保证产量又可获得更高的抗茎倒指数。本研究结论可为今后玉米的高产栽培提供理论和数据支撑。In order to explore the effects of fertilizer rate-planting density coupling on stem lodging resistance of maize,a combined experiment with three fertilizer rates(F1:N,P_(2)O_(5),K_(2)O as 78.0,112.5,57.0 kg/hm^(2);F2:132.0,139.5,90.0 kg/hm^(2);F3:186.0,168.0,124.5 kg/hm^(2))and three planting densities(60000,75000,90000 plants/hm^(2))was conducted.The stem anti-lodging index following the principle of structural mechanics was used as the evaluation index of stem lodging resistance,and the bending strength of stem was tested by the digital pole dynamometer in the field at five growth stages.The results showed that the change trends of each index at the same density and different fertilizer rates were as follows.The stem anti-lodging index,bending torque and wind torque under 60000 plants/hm^(2) increased with the increase of fertilizer rates;the stem anti-lodging index and its components of F2 treatment under the density of 75000 plants/hm^(2) were the highest on average;the variation of stem anti-lodging index of under different fertilizer rates at the density of 90000 plants/hm^(2) was different at different growth stages,and the bending torque and wind torque decreased with the increase of fertilizer rates.Under the same fertilizer rate,the anti-lodging index and bending torque decreased with the increase of planting density,and the performance was basically consistent in each growth period,while the trend of wind torque varied slightly.The effects of growth period on the stem anti-lodging index and its components were the greatest and far greater than the other factors,and the effect quantities were 0.43,0.30 and 0.72.In summary,the increase of planting density combined with appropriate increase of fertilizer rate could ensure the yield of maize and obtain higher stem anti-lodging index.This study provided theoretical and data supports for the high-yielding cultivation of maize in the future.

关 键 词：玉米 种植密度 施肥量 抗茎倒指数 全生育期 茎倒抗性 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]