针对性护理在哺乳期急性乳腺炎患者护理中的应用  

Effect of targeted care in the care of patients with acute mastitis during lactation

作　　者：吴青[1] 吴冰[1] Wu Qing;Wu Bing(Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China)

机构地区：[1]河南中医药大学第一附属医院乳腺外科,郑州450000

出　　处：《保健医学研究与实践》2022年第3期137-140,151,共5页Health Medicine Research and Practice

基　　金：河南省中医药科学研究专项课题(20-21ZY2190)。

摘　　要：目的探讨针对性护理在哺乳期急性乳腺炎患者护理中的应用效果。方法选取2019年1月—2020年12月郑州市某医院收治60例哺乳期急性乳腺炎患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各30例。对照组患者实施同质化常规护理干预,观察组患者实施基于心理现状调查结果的针对性护理干预,描述性分析哺乳期急性乳腺炎患者干预前的心理现状,比较2组患者干预前及干预1个月时心理状态[焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分],比较2组患者母乳喂养意愿、哺乳行为、回乳及护理期间并发症(乳头损伤、乳头皲裂等)发生情况等相关结局指标。结果干预前,哺乳期急性乳腺炎患者负性情绪特征主要为焦虑、担忧、抑郁,负性情绪原因主要为难以适应治疗状态、乳汁堆积、对病情缺乏了解、家属态度冷漠、乳房/乳头疼痛、害怕乳头、乳房缺陷、疲劳感。其中难以适应治疗状态构成比远高于其他原因产生的心理情绪。干预前,2组患者SAS及SDS评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,2组患者SAS及SDS评分均低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者并发症发生率、回乳率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而母乳喂养意愿、哺乳行为占比均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于哺乳期急性乳腺炎患者心理现状实施针对性护理干预可显著改善患者负性情绪,提高母乳喂养意愿,降低并发症发生风险,可在临床上推广使用。Objective To explore the effect of targeted nursing in the care of patients with acute mastitis during lactation.Methods Sixty patients with acute mastitis during lactation admitted to a hospital in Zhengzhou from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected for the study,and were divided into a control group and an observation group using the random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.Patients in the control group received homogenized conventional nursing interventions,while patients in the observation group were given targeted nursing interventions based on the results of the psychological status survey.The psychological status of patients with acute mastitis during lactation before the intervention was descriptively analyzed,and the psychological status of patients in the two groups[self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),self-rating depression scale(SDS)]were compared before and 1 month after the intervention.Result ndicators including the willingness to breastfeed,breastfeeding behavior,lactation termination and the occurrence of complications(nipple injury,nipple cracking,etc.)during lactation were compared between the two groups.Results Before the intervention,the negative emotional characteristics of patients with acute mastitis during lactation were mainly anxiety,worry,and depression,and the causes of negative emotions from highest to lowest were difficulty adapting to the treatment state,milk accumulation,lack of understanding of the disease,family indifference,breast/nipple pain,fear of the nipple and breast defects,and fatigue.Among them,the difficulty in adapting to the treatment state constituted a much higher ratio than the psychological emotions arising from other causes.Before the intervention,there was no statistically significant difference between the SAS and SDS scores of the 2 groups(P>0.05);after the intervention,the SAS and SDS scores of the 2 groups were lower than before the intervention,and the observation group was lower than the control group,with statistically significant differen

关 键 词：哺乳期急性乳腺炎 心理现状 护理对策 针对性护理 

分 类 号：R473.6[医药卫生—护理学]