环境未培养微生物中新型抗生素的发掘研究进展  

Advances in discovery of new antibiotics in uncultured microorganisms

作　　者：杜瑞 王梦歌 彭金金 戢博阳 纪晓俊[3] 魏勇军 DU Rui;WANG Mengge;PENG Jinjin;JI Boyang;JI Xiaojun;WEI Yongjun(Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies of the Ministry of Education,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Laboratory of Synthetic Biology,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Department of Biology and Biological Engineering,Chalmers University of Technology,SE-41296 Gothenburg,Sweden;College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211800,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学药学院,郑州大学合成生物学实验室,药物关键制备技术教育部重点实验室,河南郑州450000 [2]查尔姆斯理工大学生物与生物工程学院,瑞典哥德堡SE-41296 [3]南京工业大学生物与制药工程学院,江苏南京211800

出　　处：《生物加工过程》2022年第2期172-181,共10页Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31800079、3201101906)。

摘　　要：抗生素耐药基因的快速扩散和传播导致现有抗生素对耐药致病菌的疗效降低甚至失效,因此迫切需要开发新型抗生素。然而,利用经典的筛选可培养微生物的方法已难以获得新型抗生素。同时,新型抗生素的发掘不仅能为对抗耐药致病菌提供解决方案,还能为挖掘其他天然产物并构建微生物细胞工厂提供理论依据和实践指导。微生物组学和合成生物学的发展为新型抗生素发现提供了新的思路。本文对应用微生物组学解析多种环境未培养微生物及其抗生素合成基因,挖掘特定环境中的新型抗生素合成基因簇,利用合成生物学设计、构建、测试和学习的循环方法在模式微生物中表征新型抗生素合成基因簇等方面的研究进展进行了综述,并进一步展望了微生物组学和合成生物学在新型抗生素发掘方面的作用。Due to the wide spread of antibiotic resistance genes, current antibiotics cannot cure antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection.Moreover, traditional classic antibiotic discovery method that access antibiotics from cultures is difficult to obtain new antibiotics now.Therefore, it requires the development of innovative new antibiotics as alternatives for which resistance had been developed.The discovery of new antibiotics not only provides solutions for the treatment of drug-resistant pathogens, but also provides theoretical basis and practical guidance for mining other natural products and building microbial cell factories.Microbiome and synthetic biology have provided new opportunities for new antibiotics discovery.In this review, we introduce current understanding of novel antibiotic biosynthetic gene clusters from uncultured microorganisms in different environments, mining of new antibiotic biosynthetic gene clusters in specific environments, and characterization of new antibiotic biosynthetic gene clusters in appropriate model microorganisms.Besides, future microbiome and synthetic biology strategies for the discovery of new antibiotics are discussed.

关 键 词：微生物组学 合成生物学 抗生素合成基因簇 新型抗生素 宏基因组学 耐药致病菌 

分 类 号：TQ465.92[化学工程—制药化工] Q93[生物学—微生物学]