不同灌溉方式对库尔勒香梨果实品质的多变量分析  

Multivariate Analysis of Fruit Quality of Korla Pear Irrigated by Different Methods

作　　者：张倩 李萧婷 吴翠云[1,2,3] 张锐 包建平[1,2,3] 陶书田 ZHANG Qian;LI Xiaoting;WU Cuiyun;ZHANG Rui;BAO Jianping;TAO Shutian(College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China;Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of XPCC, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China;The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China;College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095, China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [4]南京农业大学园艺学院,南京210095

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第3期578-587,共10页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团重大科技专项(2017DB006);国家自然科学基金(31860528)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同灌溉方式对库尔勒香梨果实品质的影响,为提高水资源在梨果园中的有效利用率,改善库尔勒香梨果实品质提供理论依据。【方法】以16年生库尔勒香梨为试材,采用沟灌、滴灌、漫灌3种灌溉方式,比较不同灌溉方式对库尔勒香梨果实品质的影响,筛选适宜的灌溉方式。【结果】与对照大水漫灌相比,滴灌显著提高果实脱萼率,色泽红润,果实单果重、果形指数、角质层厚度增加显著,果肉硬度和VC含量降低。沟灌的果实单果重减小,果形指数、果肉硬度、VC含量、蜡质层与木栓层厚度增加;由主成分分析得到滴灌的果实综合品质最优,其次为沟灌;漫灌的3-2处理有利于宿萼果的生长,其果实品质优于沟灌处理;3种漫灌方式中,3-2处理更有利于提高果实综合品质。【结论】适当的减少灌溉量可以提高库尔勒香梨的综合品质,其中滴灌能够大幅度节水,提高果实品质的效果最好。【Objective】To study the effects of different irrigation methods on the fruit quality Korla fragrant pear with a view to providing theoretical basis for improving the effective utilization rate of water resources in pear orchard and improving the fruit quality.【Methods】With 16 years of Korla fragrant pear as the test material,using three irrigation methods:trench irrigation,drip irrigation and irrigation,the effects of different irrigation methods on the fruit quality was compared,and suitable irrigation methods were screened.【Results】Compared with the control of large water irrigation,drip irrigation significantly increased the fruit desorization rate,the color was ruddy,the fruit single fruit weight,fruit index,the thickness of the cuticlelayer layer increased significantly,and the hardness and VC content of the fruit decreased significantly.The fruit weight of ditch irrigation was reduced,while fruit-shaped index,fruit hardness,Vc content,wax layer and wood hydrant layer thickness increased,and the overall quality of fruit of drip irrigation was obtained by the main component analysis,followed by ditch irrigation;The 3-2 treatment of diffuse irrigation is conducive to the growth of the fruit,the fruit quality was better than the fruit quality of the ditch irrigation treatment,3-2 treatment was more conducive to improving the comprehensive quality.【Conclusion】Compared with the current traditional irrigation,appropriate reduction in irrigation can save water greatly and improve the fruit quality of'Korla pears'.

关 键 词：梨 灌溉方式 果实品质 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] S661.2[农业科学—农业工程]