水肥耦合对黄沙炉渣复合基质栽培黄瓜光合荧光特性、产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Photosynthetic Fluorescence Characteristics,Yield and Quality of Cucumber Cultivated with Yellow Sand and Slag Composite Substrate

作　　者：马新超 周宇 刘青 轩正英[1,2,3] 陈蒙蒙 张凯浩 王旭峰 谭占明 MA Xinchao;ZHOU Yu;LIU Qing;XUAN Zhengying;CHEN Mengmeng;ZHANG Kaihao;WANG Xufeng;TAN Zhanming(College of Plant Sciences, Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China;National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High Efficiency and High Quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Special Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang,Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China;Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木大学南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]现代农业工程自治区重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第3期597-608,共12页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：兵团科技攻关项目(2018DB003);兵团“十件实事”农业技术辐射带动工程项目(SJSS201801);塔里木大学校长基金项目(TDZKYB201903);南疆重点产业支撑计划项目(2019DB001);塔里木大学研究生创新训练项目(TDGRI202023)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同水肥耦合处理对黄瓜光合荧光特性、产量及品质的影响。【方法】以新泰密刺黄瓜为试材,在黄沙炉渣复合基质栽培模式下,设置不同的灌水量、氮肥、磷肥和钾肥共4个变量,采用四元二次通用旋转组合设计的1/2。【结果】(1)黄瓜净光合速率随着灌溉量的增加而增加;水分较少的情况下,适当的肥料供应可以提高黄瓜光合能力。(2)105%Ep水分和氮肥供给下,较低的磷钾肥有助于黄瓜叶绿素的合成。90%Ep水分供给下,黄瓜植株叶片的叶绿体色素含量处在较高的水平,最大光转化效率值Fv/Fm最大。(3)75%Ep的水分供给下,较高的氮肥和钾肥,再施以较低的磷肥有助于提高黄瓜的单果重,适当减少灌水量有助于提高黄瓜产量和品质。【结论】在黄沙炉渣复合基质栽培模式下,适用于设施黄瓜生产的最优水肥配比是处理C_(16),即90%Ep和N 540 kg/hm^(2)+P_(2)O_(5)270 kg/hm^(2)+K_(2)O 1043 kg/hm^(2)。【Objective】To study the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on photosynthetic fluorescence,yield and quality of cucumber.【Methods】Taking"Xintaimici"cucumber as the test material,under the cultivation mode of yellow sand and slag composite substrate,four variables including irrigation amount,nitrogen fertilizer,phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were set up,and one half of the four variable quadratic general rotation combination design was used.【Results】(1)The net photosynthetic rate of cucumber increased with the increase of irrigation amount;under the condition of less water,proper fertilizer supply could improve the photosynthetic capacity of cucumber.(2)Under the water and nitrogen supply of 105%Ep,the lower P and K fertilizer was helpful to the chlorophyll synthesis of cucumber.Under 90%Ep water supply,the chloroplast pigment content of cucumber leaves was at a high level,and the maximum light conversion efficiency F_(v)/F_(m) was the highest.(3)Under the water supply of 75%Ep,higher N and K fertilizer,and lower P fertilizer could improve the single fruit weight of cucumber,and proper reduction of irrigation could improve the yield and quality of cucumber.【Conclusion】Under the cultivation mode of yellow sand and slag composite substrate,the optimal ratio of water and fertilizer for greenhouse cucumber production is C_(16),that is 90%Ep and N 540 kg/hm^(2)+P_(2)O_(5)270 kg/hm^(2)+K_(2)O 1,043 kg/hm^(2).

关 键 词：黄瓜 水肥耦合 光合 荧光 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]