向日葵不同器官分级及各级分的解剖结构  

Anatomy of different organ fractions and fractions of Helianthus annuus L.

作　　者：王丽珍[1,3] 王俊跃 马庆志 任浩 翟胜丞[2] 翟华敏 WANG Lizhen;WANG Junyue;MA Qingzhi;REN Hao;ZHAI Shengcheng;ZHAI Huamin(Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210037,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210037,China;College of Light Industry and Textile,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010080,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学江苏省林业资源高效加工利用协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [2]南京林业大学材料科学与工程学院,江苏南京210037 [3]内蒙古工业大学轻工与纺织学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010080 [4]内蒙古农业大学机电工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第4期100-107,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31600474);江苏省科技创新与成果转化专项(BE2010689,BE2010069)。

摘　　要：【目的】揭示脱籽向日葵各级分的组织细胞特征,为脱籽向日葵的高附加值利用提供理论基础。【方法】基于宏观生物结构的差异,对脱籽向日葵进行手工分级,用双面刀片将各级分沿垂直和平行生长方向分别切出横向和径向切面光滑的试样,试样厚度为2~3 mm。用导电胶将各试样粘于样品台,采用离子溅射仪对样品喷金处理。扫描电镜观察各级分横向和径向的解剖结构。【结果】(1)首次系统地将脱籽向日葵分为秸皮、髓、花托、苞片、托片、叶柄和叶片7个级分。(2)各级分表皮组织的构造不同。秸皮、花托和叶柄只有外表皮组织,苞片和托片具有内外表皮组织,叶片具有上下表皮组织,髓无表皮组织。(3)各级分的薄壁组织占比及薄壁细胞形态差异明显。秸皮中薄壁组织占比最少,薄壁细胞形状为圆形、椭圆形或棒形;髓中全部是薄壁组织,薄壁细胞形状为多面体;其他级分的薄壁组织占比介于秸皮和髓之间,薄壁细胞形状不规则。(4)各级分维管束的排列方式及其细胞组成不同。秸皮和叶柄的维管束呈环状排列,花托、苞片和托片的维管束呈星状排列,叶片的维管束分布在叶脉中;秸皮的维管束由韧皮纤维细胞、木纤维细胞、薄壁细胞和导管分子组成,其他级分的维管束主要由薄壁细胞和导管分子组成。【结论】脱籽向日葵可分为生物学特征明显不同的7个级分,级分间生物结构高度不均一,分级是脱籽向日葵高值利用的途径。【Objective】This study revealed tissue and cell characteristics of the fractions of deseeded sunflower to provide basis for the high value-added utilization of deseeded sunflower.【Method】Based on the differences in macroscopic biological structure,the deseeded sunflower was fractioned by hands.The transverse and radial specimens were cut with a double-sided blade along the vertical and parallel growth directions.The thickness of the specimens was 2-3 mm.The specimens were bonded to the sample table with conductive adhesive and were sprayed with gold by ion sputtering apparatus.The transverse and radial anatomy of each fraction were observed by scanning electron microscope.【Result】(1)The deseeded sunflower was divided into 7 fractions of stalk rind,stalk pith,receptacle,bract,bractlet,petiole and leaf blade for the first time.(2)The structure of epidermal tissues in each fraction was different.The stalk rind,receptacle and petiole had only outer epidermal tissue.The bracts and bractlets had inner and outer epidermal tissues.Leaf blades had upper and lower epidermal tissues.The stalk pith had no epidermal tissue.(3)The content of parenchyma tissues and the morphology of parenchyma cells were different among fractions.The content of parenchyma tissues was the least in the stalk rind,the parenchyma cells were round,oval or claviform shaped.The stalk pith was full of parenchyma tissues and its parenchyma cells were polyhedral in shape.In other fractions,the content of parenchyma tissues was between stalk rind and pith,and the parenchyma cells were irregular in shape.(4)The arrangement and cell kinds of vascular bundles were different among fractions.The vascular bundles of stalk rind and petiole were arranged circularly.The vascular bundles of receptacle,bract,and bractlet were arranged in stellate-shape.The vascular bundles of leaves were distributed in the vein.The vascular bundles of stalk rind were composed of phloem fiber cells,wood fiber cells,parenchyma cells and vessel elements,while vascular bundle

关 键 词：向日葵 解剖结构 农业残余物 残余物利用 

分 类 号：S565.5[农业科学—作物学]