育秧期钵盘施用全量控释肥显著降低稻田氮素损失风险  

Applying control-released fertilizer of whole growth duration in seedling-raising pot to effectively decrease the risk of N loss in the paddy field

作　　者：孙巧玉 刘依琳 杨洪福 陈雪[3] 范先鹏[4] 孙文涛[5] 王玉峰[6] 杨越超 侯立刚[8] 刘宏斌[1] SUN Qiao-yu;LIU Yi-lin;YANG Hong-fu;CHEN Xue;FAN Xian-peng;SUN Wen-tao;WANG Yu-feng;YANG Yue-chao;HOU Li-gang;LIU Hong-bin(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China,Beijing 100081,China;Center of Education and Communications of Ecology and Environment of Kunming City,Kunming,Yunnan 650500,China;National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China,Beijing 100125,China;Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer Institute,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan,Hubei 430064,China;Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang,Liaoning 110161,China;Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environmental Resources,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150086,China;College of Resources and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China;Rice Research Institute,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Gongzhuling,Jilin 136100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部面源污染重点实验室,北京100081 [2]云南省昆明市生态环境宣传教育中心,云南昆明650500 [3]农业农村部全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125 [4]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,湖北武汉430064 [5]辽宁省农业科学院植物营养与环境资源研究所,辽宁沈阳110161 [6]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [7]山东农业大学资源与环境学院/土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,山东泰安271018 [8]吉林省农业科学院水稻研究所,吉林公主岭136100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2022年第3期566-574,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28130200);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-33);泰山产业领军人才工程项目(LJNY202125)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究将全量控释氮肥由常规育秧大田施肥改为育秧钵盘中施用后,水稻产量及田面水氮素含量动态变化,为提高氮肥利用率、控制稻田的氮素流失提供理论依据。【方法】田间试验在湖北省安陆市车站村进行,供试水稻品种为‘华夏香丝’。试验设常规育秧+大田不施肥(CK)、常规育秧+大田常规施肥(FF)、钵盘育秧全量施肥(PF)3个处理,育秧28天后,调查水稻秧苗生长、地上和地下部分的氮磷钾含量。在基肥期、蘖肥期和穗肥期取样,测定田面水中全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮含量,收获期测产。【结果】与FF处理相比,PF处理的秧苗地下部生物量,地上部氮、磷、钾含量和地下部磷含量分别提高了77%、14.69%、17.47%、3.28%和41.65%,水稻千粒重和产量分别提高了6.82%和10.78%(P<0.05)。在水稻整个生育期内,PF处理的田面水中全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮浓度与CK相近,但显著低于FF处理。【结论】在相同施肥水平下,与常规育秧大田施肥相比,在育秧期将控释化肥全部施于水稻育秧钵盘,可显著提高秧苗地下部的生长和养分含量,提高水稻千粒重和产量,同时显著降低水稻整个生育期田面水中全氮和铵态氮浓度,有效控制稻田氮素损失风险。【Objectives】Nitrogen application in paddy fields ineluctably causes N loss to the environment.Here,we studied fertilizer application in seedling-raising pots without changing the application rate,aiming to find an effective way for achieving high yield and decreasing N contents in surface water of paddy fields.【Methods】In Anlu City,Hubei Province,field experiments were conducted using rice cultivar Huaxia Xiangsi as test materials.The three fertilization treatments were conventional seedling-raising and no fertilization in the field(CK),conventional seedling-raising and fertilization in the field(FF),and applying all fertilizers in seedlingraising pots(PF).Twenty-eight(28)days after seedling,rice seedling growth and nutrient contents and the nitrogen contents in field surface water during basic fertilization,tillering,and panicle fertilization stages were measured.Rice yields and yield components were investigated at harvest.【Results】Compared with FF,PF increased underground biomass and P contents,aboveground N,P,and K contents of rice seedlings by 77%,41.65%,14.69%,17.47%,and 3.28%,respectively,and 1000-seed weight and yield by 6.82%and 10.78%.Using PF,the total N,NH4+-N,and NO3--N concentration in field surface water was similar to CK but(P<0.05)lower than FF during the whole growing period of rice.PF performed better in reducing nitrogen loss in the rice field than the conventional fertilization strategy.【Conclusions】Applying control-released fertilizer in seedlingraising pots at a standard rate rather than on the field proved effective in culturing good quality seedlings with high nutrient storage and increasing rice yield.The non-application of fertilizer on the field kept N concentration in the field surface water low,reducing N loss to the environment during the whole rice growing period.

关 键 词：稻田 控释氮肥 钵盘育秧 水稻产量 田面水氮含量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]