堆石混凝土筑坝技术发展与创新综述  

Review on Development and Innovation of Rock-Filled Concrete Technology for Dam Construction

作　　者：徐小蓉 金峰[2] 周虎[2] 闭忠明 XU Xiaorong;JIN Feng;ZHOU Hu;BI Zhongming(School of Water Resources&Hydropower Engineering,North China Electric Power Univ.,Beijing 102206,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience&Engineering,Tsinghua Univ.,Beijing 100084,China;SinoConfix Company Ltd.,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学水利与水电工程学院,北京102206 [2]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084 [3]北京华石纳固科技有限公司,北京100085

出　　处：《三峡大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第2期1-11,共11页Journal of China Three Gorges University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(52039005);贵州省2021年科技支撑计划项目(黔科合[2021]一般359);中央高校基本科研业务专项资金项目(2021BJ0097);中国水利水电科学研究院水利部水工程建设与安全重点实验室开放基金(IWHR-ENGI-202106);清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室开放基金(sklhse-2022-C-03)。

摘　　要：堆石混凝土技术是2003年由中国原创的大体积混凝土筑坝技术,突破传统连续级配约束,采用超大粒径骨料堆石和高自密实性能混凝土浇注胶结.近年来,全国堆石混凝土坝工程数量呈现快速增长趋势,已有重力坝115座和拱坝11座(含已建和在建工程),堆石混凝土浇筑总方量超过588万m^(3).经过近20年发展,堆石混凝土技术在筑坝材料方面取得了许多突破,如低水泥用量高自密实性能混凝土、红层地区软岩作堆石材料、高寒地区混凝土特殊配合比等.为了发挥堆石混凝土技术的快速施工优势,工程实践中在结构优化、施工工艺、机械设备等方面不断技术创新,其中整体浇筑拱坝技术推动了堆石混凝土拱坝的发展,一体化浇筑技术在防渗层、廊道、斜坡段垫层等部位应用广泛,超厚层堆石混凝土技术成功应用到了北京冬奥会延庆赛区1050塘坝的建设.堆石混凝土技术从零到一,国内外技术标准的不断颁布标志着已形成了完整的技术体系,目前正在开发新一代无人或少人筑坝技术,下一步堆石混凝土将推广到百米级大坝和国外工程.Rock-filled concrete(RFC) is a large-volume concrete technology which is originally developed by Chinese experts in 2003. It breaks through the constraint of traditional continuous gradation, while it adopts super-size rockfill and high self-compacting performance concrete(HSCC), both of which are cemented. In recent years, the number of RFC dams shows a rapid growth trend, with 115 gravity dams and 11 arch dams(including projects built and to build), and the total volume of rock-filled concrete exceeds 5.88 million m^(3). After nearly 20 years of development, RFC technology has made many breakthroughs in dam-building materials, such as HSCC with low cement, soft rocks as rockfill in red layer areas, special mix ratio of concrete in alpine areas, etc. In order to fully utilize its advantage of rapid construction with RFC, continuous technological innovations have been made during the engineering practices, such as structural optimization, construction technology, machinery and equipment. The integral casting technology of arch dam without joints promoted the development of the RFC arch dams, and the synchronous casting technology with HSCC is widely adopted in the seepage layer, the corridor, and the cushion layer of slope. The technology of super-thick lifting layer has been successfully applied to the construction of 1050 dam in Yanqing Area of Beijing Winter Olympic Games. Rock-filled concrete technology develops from zero to one, and the continuous promulgation of technical standards at home and abroad marks that a complete technical system has been established. At present, a new generation of unmanned or less-human damming technology is under study, while RFC technology will be promoted to 100-meter level dams and foreign projects in the near future.

关 键 词：堆石混凝土 中国筑坝技术 大粒径堆石 快速施工技术 筑坝材料 

分 类 号：TV642[水利工程—水利水电工程] TU43[建筑科学—岩土工程]