铁路散堆装货物运输撒漏治理研究  

Study on Preventing Railway Bulk Cargo from Leakage

作　　者：胡淦 赵有国 马玉坤 HU Gan;ZHAO Youguo;MA Yukun(Transportation&Economics Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Freight Transportation Department,China Railway Shenyang Group Co.,Ltd.,Shenyang 110001,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司运输及经济研究所,北京100081 [2]中国铁路沈阳局集团有限公司货运部,辽宁沈阳110001

出　　处：《铁道货运》2022年第3期54-58,共5页Railway Freight Transport

基　　金：中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划课题(2017X010-L)。

摘　　要：货物撒漏会给货主造成损失,引起货车偏载或偏重,严重影响列车运行安全。分析散堆装货物的特点,在现场调研和对既有散堆装货物撒漏案例进行分析的基础上,剖析车门状况不良引起的撒漏、车体外部残留货物撒漏、散堆装货物超出车帮装载撒漏、轻浮货物扬尘撒漏、车底板破损撒漏、偷盗破坏致货物撒漏等主要撒漏形式,分析散堆装货物撒漏的主要影响因素。在分析铁路采取的既有防撒漏技术和管理措施的基础上,从车辆设计、货物装卸、车辆运用、货物装载加固等方面提出铁路散堆装货物运输撒漏治理的措施和建议。Cargo leakage can cause losses for cargo owners and lead to an unbalanced load or overweight of freight vehicles, which seriously affects the safety of train operation. This paper analyzed the characteristics of bulk cargo and conducted the field investigation, and the existing leakage cases of bulk cargo were evaluated. On this basis, the main ways of leakage were investigated, including the leakage caused by poor door conditions, the leakage of residual cargo outside the vehicle body, the leakage of bulk cargo loaded beyond the sides of vehicles, dust emissions and leakage of light goods, the leakage caused by damaged vehicle floors, and the leakage caused by theft and damage, and the main influencing factors in the leakage of bulk cargo were analyzed. By the assessment of the existing leakage prevention technology and management measures adopted by railways, this paper put forward specific measures and suggestions for the treatment of leakage in railway bulk cargo transportation from aspects such as vehicle design, cargo loading and unloading, vehicle application, as well as cargo loading and reinforcement.

关 键 词：铁路 散堆装货物 运输撒漏 装载加固 堵漏 

分 类 号：U294.7[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]