伯利恒合同与美日在华外交博弈  

The Bethlehem Contract and the U. S. A.-Japan Diplomatic Struggle in China

作　　者：孙金龙[1] 赵志辉[1] Sun Jinlong;Zhao Zhihui

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学人文学院,金华321000

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第2期122-135,215,共15页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“美国外交家柔克义涉华档案整理与研究”(19AZS010)。

摘　　要：为加快海军重建的步伐,晚清政府利用美日在华矛盾,加强了与美国的合作。清政府的“联美制日”策略与美国的“金元外交”共同促成了中美海军借款合同——即伯利恒合同的签订。民国成立后该合同重新修订后得以延续,美日围绕伯利恒合同展开了激烈的外交博弈,合同引发的美国在中国福建修建军事港口等谣言成为美日斗争的焦点。基于传统的大陆政策,日本向中国提出“二十一条”要求,其中的多项条款均与伯利恒合同有关,随后美日围绕伯利恒合同的博弈也转移到了对“二十一条”的交涉上。由于美国的妥协,中国被迫接受了“二十一条”,此后日本获得了在中国的优势地位,东亚国际关系的相对平衡被打破。In order to speed up the rebuilding of the navy, the late Qing Government took advantage of thecontradictions between America and Japan in China to strengthen the cooperation with the United States.The Qing Government ’ s strategy of Cooperating with America to defeat Japan and America ’ s DollarDiplomacy together helped to bring about a naval loan contract between America and China. That was thesigning of the Bethlehem contract. After the Republic of China was set up, the contract continued still.America and Japan centered on the Bethlehem contract and launched a fierce diplomatic game. The rumorsthat America was building a military port in Fujian province, and China triggered by the contract became thefocus of the fight between America and Japan. Aiming at the relevant items of Bethlehem contract and basedon the traditional mainland policy, Japan issued the Twenty-One Demand to China. And then the diplomaticgame between America and Japan centered on the Bethlehem contract was transferred to the negotiation ofthe Twenty-One Demand. China was forced to accept the Twenty-One Demand. Hereafter, Japan gained adominant position in China, and the relative balance of international relations among East Asia had beenbroken.

关 键 词：伯利恒合同 海军重建 美日博弈 “门户开放” “二十一条” 

分 类 号：D829.313[政治法律—政治学] D829.712[政治法律—外交学]