2017-2020年美国输华大豆疫情截获分析  

Pest interception of imported soybean from the United States during 2017-2020

作　　者：顾渝娟 刘筱嘉 乔曦 郑梓青 王传美 魏霜 刘海军 Gu Yujuan;Liu Xiaojia;Qiao Xi;Zheng Ziqing;Wang Chuanmei;Wei Shuang;Liu Haijun(Guangzhou Customs District Technology Center,Guangzhou 510623,China;Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Customs National Targeting Bureau(Air Cargo)GACC;Customs Targeting Bureau Guangzhou Customs District)

机构地区：[1]广州海关技术中心,广东广州510623 [2]中国农业科学院(深圳)农业基因组研究所 [3]海关总署风险防控局(上海) [4]广州海关风险防控分局

出　　处：《植物检疫》2022年第2期68-72,共5页Plant Quarantine

基　　金：科技部科技冬奥重点专项(2019YFF0302505)。

摘　　要：大豆是中国进口量最大的农产品,携带有害生物风险很高,本文分析了美国输华大豆贸易量及疫情截获种类及各口岸截获量等因素,并给出了相关建议。结果显示:从贸易量看,2012年至2017年美国输华大豆呈现稳中有升的发展态势,2017年达到3 285万t,占全年大豆进口量的34.4%;随着中国贸易摩擦加剧2018年与2019年进口量急剧降低,仅为2017年的一半左右,2020年略有回升。从有害生物截获量看,2017至2020年以来我国共从美国输华大豆中截获检疫性有害生物11 607种次,其中杂草11 152种次、病毒242种次、真菌212种次、昆虫1种次;截获量最大的有害生物分别为豚草、三裂叶豚草和假高粱。从口岸来看,进口量排名前三位的分别为南京关、青岛关和大连关,检疫性有害生物截获量排名前三位的分别为南京关、青岛关与天津关。此外我们还对截获量最大的3个关区进行了详细分析,发现各个关区对同样来源的产品检出检疫性有害生物的种类和数量有较大差异。Soybean is the largest import agricultural product of China,and its risk of carrying pests is very high. The paper analyzed the trade volume of soybean exported from the United States to China,the types of the intercepted pest and the quantity of interception at various ports and other factors,and gave relevant suggestions. The results showed that from 2012 to 2017,the U.S. soybean exported to China showed a steadily rising trend,reaching 32.85 million tons in 2017,accounting for 34.4% of the annual soybean import volume. As trade frictions with China intensified,the imports dropped sharply in 2018 and 2019,only about half of those in 2017,and recovered slightly in 2020. From 2017 to 2020,11 607 times of quarantine pests were detected in soybean imported from the United States,including 11 152 times of weeds,242 times of viruses,212 times of fungi and 1 time of insect. The three pests with the highest interception frequency were Ambrosia artemisiifolia,Ambrosia trifida and Sorghum halepense. In terms of ports,the top three customs districts of import were Nanjing,Qingdao and Dalian,and the top three customs districts where quarantine pests were intercepted were Nanjing,Qingdao and Tianjin. In addition,we also made a detailed analysis of the three customs districts with the largest intercepted quantity,and found that there were great differences in the types and quantities of quarantine pests detected in the products from the same source in each customs district.

关 键 词：美国 大豆 疫情截获 检疫措施 

分 类 号：S41[农业科学—植物保护]