水生维管束植物水体脱氮研究进展  

Research progress on nitrogen removal of aquatic vascular plants in water

作　　者：尹方 宋智博[1] 秦伯语 蒋宇涵 丁怡 张俊波 YIN Fang;SONG Zhi-bo;QIN Bo-yu;Jiang Yu-han;DING Yi;ZHANG Jun-bo(College of Marine Science and Engineering,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China;Center for Marine Environmental and Ecological Modelling,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China;College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学海洋科学与工程学院,上海201306 [2]上海海事大学海洋环境与生态模拟研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [4]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2022年第1期123-131,共9页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.41807341)。

摘　　要：水生维管束植物处理氮污染具有成本低,处理效果好,经济效益高等特点。但由于不同种类水生维管束植物的生长特性不同,对水体中氮的去除和利用存在较大差异。本文围绕水生维管束植物生态类型分别对挺水植物、沉水植物、浮叶植物和漂浮植物展开综述,归纳其脱氮机制、生长特性、脱氮特性,重点对水体脱氮效果展开对比,阐明不同水生维管束植物在氮污染净化应用中的特性和优缺点,以期为今后准确选取水生维管束植物净化不同水体氮污染提供科学参考。总体上,水生维管束植物对水体氮污染的去除效果良好,但处理效果存在差异,需充分考量污水水质及其适宜生境与生态习性。不同水生维管束植物的组合系统脱氮效果明显优于单一植物,但组合系统要满足生态功能性、生态适宜性、生态持续性的配置原则,水生维管束植物准确选取及其组合系统优化搭配处理不同水环境氮污染应成为今后重点研究方向。The nitrogen removal of aquatic vascular plants has advantages of low cost, decent treatment effect and high economic benefit. However, due to the diverse growth characteristics of different aquatic vascular plants, they perform different on removal and utilization of nitrogen in water. In order to provide academic suggestions for future studies on accurate aquatic vascular plants selection for nitrogen removal in different waters, this paper discusses the emergent plants, submerged plants, floating-leaved plants and floating plants according to their ecological categories. The mechanism of nitrogen removal, growth characteristics and properties of aquatic vascular plants are summarized;especially the efficiencies of different aquatic vascular plants on nitrogen removal in various waters are investigated and compared. The characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of different aquatic vascular plants in the application of nitrogen removal are also expounded. In general, the nitrogen removal effects of different aquatic vascular plants are significant though discrepancies are existed. The characteristics of their suitable habitats and ecological habits should be carefully considered. The nitrogen removal efficiencies of the different aquatic vascular plant configurations are greater than single aquatic vascular plants. However, it must be noticed that the aquatic vascular plant configurations are required to satisfy the principles of the ecological functional, ecological suitability and ecological sustainability. The studies on accurate selection of plants and optimization of aquatic vascular plant configurations for nitrogen removal in diverse waters are highly recommended in the future.

关 键 词：水生维管束植物 脱氮机制 脱氮效率 水生维管束植物组合 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]