养老保障对老年人就业的影响:基于中国老年社会追踪调查数据的实证研究  

The Influence of Old-age Security on the Employment of the Elderly:An Empirical Analysis Based on the Data of China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey

作　　者：赵一凡 易定红[1] 赵依兰 Yifan ZHAO;Dinghong YI;Yilan ZHAO(School of Labor and Human Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学劳动人事学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国人力资源开发》2022年第3期115-128,共14页Human Resources Development of China

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(18YJC790144);国家财政部委托项目(2015020355)。

摘　　要：人口老龄化时代,养老保障制度设计和老年人就业问题是需要关注的焦点。基于2016年中国老年社会追踪调查数据,采用Probit模型分析养老保障对老年人就业的影响。研究发现老年人享有养老保障会降低其就业的概率,但影响程度较为有限。不同类别养老保险所带来的影响存在差异,享有企业职工基本养老保险会显著降低老年人就业概率,而享有城乡居民基本养老保险则会提高就业概率。进一步异质性分析发现70岁及以上的老年人,生活在东部地区与城市地区的老年人享有养老保障会显著降低其就业概率。老年人对社会的心理感知在一定程度上减弱养老保障对就业概率的抑制作用。政策启示是适当完善养老金发放机制,在保障老年人生活福祉的同时,合理运用老年人力资本,促进积极老龄化战略的实施。In the age of population aging, the design of old-age security system and the employment of the elderly are the focus of attention. Based on the data of China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey in 2016, this paper uses Probit model to analyze the impact of old-age security on the employment of the elderly. The study finds that the elderly who have old-age security will reduce the probability of employment, but influence degree is relatively limited.The impact of different types of old-age security is different. The employment probability of the elderly who have the basic endowment insurance for enterprise employees will be significantly reduced, while the elderly who enjoy the basic endowment insurance for urban and rural residents will increase their employment probability. Further heterogeneity analysis shows that the elderly aged 70 and above, the elderly living in eastern and urban areas enjoy old-age security, which will significantly reduce their employment probability. To a certain extent, the psychological feelings of the elderly to the society weaken the inhibitory effect of old-age security on their employment probability.The policy enlightenment is to improve the pension payment mechanism to use elderly human capital reasonably,promoting the implementation of the strategy of Active Aging.

关 键 词：养老保障 老年人 就业 企业职工基本养老保险 城乡居民基本养老保险 

分 类 号：F842.67[经济管理—保险] F249.2