“2+26”城市春节和元宵节期间污染特征、气象影响和预报回顾分析  

Analysis of Pollution Characteristics,Meteorological Impact,and Forecast Retrospective During the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival in“2+26”Cities

作　　者：朱媛媛[1,2] 王晓斐 汪巍[1] 刀谞[1] 王帅[1] 陈善荣[1] ZHU Yuan-yuan;WANG Xiao-fei;WANG Wei;DAO Xu;WANG Shuai;CHEN Shan-rong(China National Environmental Monitoring Centre,Beijing 100012,China;School of Energy and Environmental Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境监测总站,北京100012 [2]北京科技大学能源与环境工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第3期1212-1225,共14页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0213203);国家自然科学基金项目(41875164)。

摘　　要：分析2021年春节至元宵节前后“2+26”城市PM_(2.5)污染过程特征,对比2016~2021年春节和元宵节前后3 d的PM_(2.5)日均浓度和小时浓度,2019~2021年PM_(2.5)组分特征,讨论2016~2021年春节至元宵节前后气象因素对PM_(2.5)浓度的影响,并分析了影响2021年春节期间北京地区预报结果的关键因素.结果表明,烟花爆竹燃放叠加不利气象条件导致“2+26”城市在2021年春节期间出现了一次中至重度污染过程,在元宵节期间出现了一次轻至中度污染过程.2021年腊月二十九至正月初一期间,“2+26”城市ρ(PM_(2.5))平均值为111μg·m^(-3);小时峰值为156μg·m^(-3),为2016~2021年最低.2021年元宵节前后3 d,“2+26”城市ρ(PM_(2.5))平均值为85μg·m^(-3),小时峰值为125μg·m^(-3),重度及以上污染小时数量为2016~2021年最低.组分观测结果表明,2021年春节和元宵节烟花爆竹燃放影响降低,禁限放成效显著,污染以常规污染累积为主,且为硝酸盐主导,部分城市春节期间有机物浓度较高,可能与本地工业排放叠加烟花爆竹燃放影响有关.气象因子与PM_(2.5)浓度对比分析表明,风速风向、地面气压和相对湿度等气象条件均会影响PM_(2.5)浓度和区域污染过程的长短.华北平原边界层输送汇的摆动对扩散条件的影响,华北小高压的位置、强度和其高空移动气流的强度,烟花爆竹燃放的不确定性,以及冬春季节交替期间气象变化频繁导致的气象预报准确度较低等,均是影响北京地区空气质量预报结果的关键因素.综上,虽然近年来烟花爆竹燃放影响降低,但为促进环境质量持续改善,建议进一步加强烟花爆竹燃放管控,特别是北京五环外及其周边城市烟花爆竹燃放管控.The PM_(2.5)concentration characteristics of“2+26”cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the surrounding region during the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival in 2021 were analyzed.The average daily concentration and hourly concentration of PM_(2.5) in the three days before and after the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival from 2016 to 2021 and the characteristics of the PM_(2.5) chemical components during the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival from 2019 to 2021 were comparatively analyzed.In addition,the impact of meteorological factors on PM_(2.5) concentration from 2016 to 2021 and the key factors affecting the forecast result of Beijing during the Spring Festival in 2021 were discussed.The results showed that the combination of fireworks and firecrackers and adverse weather conditions resulted in a moderate to heavy pollution process during the Spring Festival in 2021 and a light to moderate pollution process during the Lantern Festival in“2+26”cities.The averageρ(PM_(2.5))was 111μg·m^(-3).The hourly peakρ(PM_(2.5))was 156μg·m^(-3),which was the lowest in 2016 to 2021.The three days before and after the Lantern Festival in 2021,the averageρ(PM_(2.5))of“2+26”cities was 85μg·m^(-3),and the hourly peakρ(PM_(2.5))was 125μg·m^(-3).During this period,the hour number of heavy and severe pollution was the lowest in 2016 to 2021.Component observation results showed that the impact of fireworks and firecrackers during the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival in 2021 was gradually reduced,and the effect of bans and restrictions for fireworks and firecrackers was significant.The regional pollution was dominated by conventional pollution accumulation and nitrate.The concentration of organic matter in some cities during the Spring Festival was relatively high,which may be related to local industrial emissions and the impact of blasting fireworks and firecrackers.The comparative analysis of meteorological factors and PM_(2.5) concentration showed that the factors such as wind speed a

关 键 词：京津冀 “2+26”城市 污染特征 PM_(2.5)化学组分 春节 烟花爆竹 气象影响 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]