百年来北方湖泊沉积物PAHs的变化特征及其对人类活动的响应  

Historical Changes and Responses to Human Activities of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Lake Sediments from Northern China During the Past 100 Years

作　　者：龚雄虎 赵中华[1] 丁琪琪 张路[1] 姚书春[1] 薛滨[1] GONG Xiong-hu;ZHAO Zhong-hua;DING Qi-qi;ZHANG Lu;YAO Shu-chun;XUE Bin(State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第3期1404-1413,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFA0607100);国家自然科学基金项目(41671477,41771519);科技基础性工作专项(2015FY110900-03)。

摘　　要：多环芳烃(PAHs)具有致癌、致畸、致突变性和生物累积效应,在社会引起了广泛关注.鉴于我国北方地区湖泊众多,且受人为活动影响日益加剧,收集了我国北方30个湖泊沉积物中的PAHs数据,分析了PAHs的历史变化、空间分布和生态风险,阐述了PAHs对人为排放和削减措施的响应.结果表明,北方湖泊沉积物中ω(PAHs)在18.2~1205.0 ng·g^(-1)之间,并以低环PAHs组成为主.时间上,从建国初期至21世纪初,PAHs含量呈现上升趋势,主要与我国经济发展和能源消费量增加有关.然而,2010年以来,随着能源消费结构转变和大量污水处理厂的建设,PAHs含量出现下降的趋势.空间上,东北和华北地区PAHs污染比西北地区严重,反映了东北和华北地区更高的经济发展水平和能源消费.PAHs源解析结果显示,PAHs在1950年以前主要来源于生物质燃烧,而2010年以来,PAHs主要来源于石油和煤炭燃烧.另外,生态风险评价结果显示,北方湖泊沉积物质量指数(SeQI)在36~75之间,华北和东北地区生态风险较高,菲(Phe)、二氢苊(Ace)、苊烯(Acy)和二苯并(a,h)蒽(DahA)为主要风险因子.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are of concern globally because of their carcinogenic,teratogenic,mutagenic,and bio-accumulative effects.Northern China is one of the regions in China with a high density of lakes;however,the lake aquatic environment is becoming seriously deteriorated,especially from PAH pollution due to the intensification of human activities during the past 100 years.Therefore,the spatial distribution and historical changes in PAHs in lake sediments from northern China were analyzed to indicate their response to anthropogenic emissions and pollution reduction actions.Theω(PAHs)in lake sediments ranged from 18.2 to 1205.0 ng·g^(-1),and low molecular weight PAHs were the dominant compounds.PAH concentrations increased from the 1950 s to a peak level in the 2000 s,which was induced mainly by increased energy consumption and rapid economy development,with PAH levels decreasing subsequently in the last 10 years due to craft improvement of wastewater treatment plants and the promotion of new energy policies.Spatially,PAHs pollution in Northeast and North China was more serious than that in Northwest China due to the higher level of economic development and energy consumption.Source apportionment results revealed that historical PAH emissions transferred from biomass combustion to a mixture of coal and petroleum combustion.In addition,the results of ecological risk assessment showed that the synthetic sediment quality index(SeQI)of northern China ranged from 36 to 75,and North and Northeast China posed higher ecological risk than that in Northwest China,with phenanthrene(Phe),acenaphthylene(Ace),acenaphthylene(Acy),and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene(DahA)as the main risk contributors.

关 键 词：多环芳烃(PAHs) 北方湖泊 人类活动 历史变化 生态风险 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]