乌梁素海低密度微塑料聚合物沉降规律  

Deposition Law of Low-Density Microplastics Aggregation in Wuliangsu Lake

作　　者：刘禹 史小红[1,2] 张生 郝若男[1] 孙标 赵胜男 LIU Yu;SHI Xiao-hong;ZHANG Sheng;HAO Ruo-nan;SUN Biao;ZHAO Sheng-nan(School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古自治区水资源保护与利用重点实验室,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第3期1463-1471,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51909123);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFE0114800,2019YFC0409204);内蒙古高等学校科学研究项目(NJZY19057)。

摘　　要：沉降是低密度微塑料聚合物在湖泊中的主要迁移过程.为探究乌梁素海中低密度微塑料聚合物的沉降规律,基于微塑料和悬浮微粒的相似和不同之处设计微塑料捕获器和沉降试验方法,定量描述不同形状和不同大小的低密度微塑料聚合物在乌梁素海的沉降过程.结果表明,各类型低密度微塑料聚合物沉降通量随风速变快而增大,其中形状为纤维状,各种尺寸(0.05~0.5、0.5~2和2~5 mm)的低密度微塑料聚合物沉降通量与风速的相关性较好,相关系数变化范围为0.218~0.836.在不同点位处,不同风速下,形状为纤维状、碎片状、块状和薄膜状,各种尺寸(0.05~0.5、0.5~2和2~5 mm)的低密度微塑料聚合物沉降通量变化范围分别为0~(1458±284)、0~(368±144)、0~(71±37)和0~(85±65)n·(m^(2)·d)^(-1).在形状相同的情况下,大尺寸的低密度微塑料聚合物更容易沉积,而小尺寸的低密度微塑料聚合物更容易随水流迁移.在尺寸相同的情况下,纤维状和薄膜状的低密度微塑料聚合物更容易随水流迁移,而碎片状的低密度微塑料聚合物更容易沉积.Deposition is the main migration process of low-density microplastic aggregation in lakes.In order to explore the deposition law of low-density microplastic aggregation in Wuliangsu Lake,a microplastic trap was designed and applied to examine the deposition process based on the similarities and differences between microplastics and naturally occurring suspended solids.The deposition processes of different sizes and shapes of low-density microplastic aggregation were quantified in Wuliangsu Lake.The results showed that the deposition fluxes of all types of low-density microplastic aggregation increased with wind speed.The deposition of flux of low-density microplastic aggregations with a similar shape of fiber and with a size ranging from 0.05-0.5,0.5-2,and 2-5 mm had better correlation with wind speed.The correlation coefficient changed from 0.218 to 0.836.The deposition of flux of low-density microplastic aggregations with a similar shape of fiber,fragment,grain,and film and with size ranging from 0.05-0.5,0.5-2,and 2-5 mm under different wind speeds at different experiment sites changed from 0-(1458±284),0-(368±144),0-(71±37),and 0-(85±65)n·(m^(2)·d)^(-1),respectively.Furthermore,we found that,when shape was held constant,larger low-density microplastic aggregations were more likely to be deposited,whereas smaller low-density microplastic aggregations were more likely to be transported.When size was held constant,fragmentary low-density microplastic aggregations were more likely to be deposited than fibrous and film microplastic.

关 键 词：低密度微塑料聚合物 微塑料捕获器 沉降 乌梁素海 风速 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]