降雨径流污染风险等级识别与优化方法  

Identification and Optimization Method of Rainfall-Runoff Pollution Risk Level

作　　者：齐小天 张质明 赵鑫[1,2] 胡文翰 刘迪 QI Xiao-tian;ZHANG Zhi-ming;ZHAO Xin;HU Wen-han;LIU Di(School of Environment and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China;Beijing Climate Change Response Research and Education Center,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院,北京100044 [2]北京建筑大学北京应对气候变化研究和人才培养基地,北京100044

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第3期1500-1511,共12页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3200701);北京建筑大学市属高校基本科研业务费专项(X20067)。

摘　　要：径流污染控制是当前城市水环境保护的难题,识别径流污染物入河风险是提高污染控制效率的关键.将景观格局与过程相结合,借助景观指数和最小阻力模型,提出了降雨径流污染风险识别和治理方法.计算得到研究区主要河段的降雨径流污染格局、过程和综合风险指数;并计算出以耕地、城镇建设用地和交通工矿用地为“源”产生的风险路径分别为256、182和208条.结果表明:(1)研究区10级降雨径流污染格局风险等级呈现出中部和南部污染风险更高的趋势.(2)破碎度和优势度因子造成径流污染风险较聚集度因子更高,且范围更广,针对3类指标提出了相应的景观格局优化方法.(3)研究区10级降雨径流污染过程风险等级表明,等级较高的河流主要集中在中心城区,并向外围逐渐降低.(4)不同类型用地所产生的降雨径流污染范围和强度顺序如下:在范围上,耕地>交通工矿用地>城镇建设用地;在强度上,交通工矿用地>城镇建设用地>耕地.(5)研究区10级降雨径流综合风险等级表明,中部和东南部河流污染风险高于西部和北部.其中1级风险河段13条,长度为209.65 km,占总长度的9.39%;2级风险河段11条,长度为186.83 km,占总长度的8.37%.以上河段应成为今后开展城市降雨径流污染整治的重点.Runoff pollution control is currently a difficult problem in urban water environment protection.The identification of runoff pollution risk into rivers is the key to improve the efficiency of pollution control.By combining landscape patterns and processes and using the landscape pattern index and minimum cumulative resistance model,a set of integrated methods for river rainfall-runoff pollution risk identification and optimization was proposed.The rainfall-runoff pollution pattern,process,and comprehensive risk index of the major river reaches in the study area were calculated.The risk paths of runoff pollution generated by cultivated land,urban construction land,and traffic industrial and mining land were identified as 256,182,and 208,respectively.The results showed that:(1)according to the pattern factors,a ten-level rainfall runoff pollution pattern risk index was identified,and more rivers in the central and southern regions had a relatively high pollution risk.(2)The risk of runoff pollution caused by fragmentation and dominance factors was higher than that caused by aggregation factors,and the range was wider.The corresponding landscape pattern optimization methods were proposed for the three types of indicators.(3)For the pollution process,the identified ten levels of rainfall runoff pollution process risk index showed that the rivers with high risk index were mainly concentrated in the central urban area and gradually decreased to the periphery.(4)The range and intensity of rainfall and runoff pollution caused by different types of land use were as follows:in terms of range,cultivated land>traffic industrial and mining land>urban construction land.Regarding intensity,traffic industrial and mining land>urban construction land>cultivated land.(5)The river pollution risk in the middle and southeast of the study area was significantly higher than that in the west and north of the study area.Among them,there were 13 level 1 risk reaches with a length of 209.65 km,accounting for 9.39%of the total length.There w

关 键 词：降雨径流污染 景观格局 景观过程 景观指数 最小累积阻力模型 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]