增温下红雉凤仙花的花部形态和结实对虫害的响应  

Floral Morphology and Seed Setting of Impatiens oxyanthera in Responses to Insect Herbivore under Warming Condition

作　　者：肖杰 补欢欢 杨有芹 王琼[1] XIAO Jie;BU Huan-huan;YANG You-qin;WANG Qiong(Southwest Key Laboratory of Wildlife Resource Conservation,Ministry of Education,Nan chong 637002,China;Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Cheng du 610041,China;Funing County No.1 Middle School,Funing 663400,China)

机构地区：[1]西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室,四川南充637002 [2]中国科学院成都生物研究所,四川成都610041 [3]富宁县第一中学,云南富宁663400

出　　处：《四川林勘设计》2022年第1期1-7,共7页Sichuan Forestry Exploration and Design

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(No.31600391);西华师范大学科研创新团队项目(CXTD20204)。

摘　　要：在全球气候变暖背景下,研究植物的生殖特性对虫害的响应,有助于探讨植物对气候变暖和虫害的敏感性和适应性,并为合理保护植物资源提供理论依据。以我国特有植物红雉凤仙花为材料,通过红外加热器模拟增温,比较了常温和增温处理之间虫害发生率的差异,分析了被昆虫取食植株的生长特征,并研究了增温和虫害对该植物花部形态和结实的影响。结果表明:(1)增温处理对红雉凤仙花虫害的发生率和每株的害虫数均无显著影响。(2)在增温处理下,被昆虫取食植株的株高显著高于未被昆虫取食的植株。(3)增温导致红雉凤仙花花冠筒显著缩短;虫害导致花冠筒和蜜距显著缩短、蜜距弯曲度显著变小。常温处理下,被昆虫啃食植株的蜜距长和蜜距弯曲度分别比未被昆虫取食植株的显著降低12.85%和17.12%。(4)增温和虫害对红雉凤仙花单果种子数和结实率均无显著影响。说明红雉凤仙花的花部特征对温度和虫害敏感,增温会导致花变小,昆虫啃食则导致蜜距缩短、蜜距弯曲度降低,但并未对红雉凤仙花单果生殖成功产生明显的危害。In the context of global wanning,the studies on plant reproductive character-stics in responses to insect herbivore will help to explore the sensitivity and adaptation of plants warming and insect pests,and provide theoretical basis for the rational protection of plant resources.In this paper,Impatiens oxyanthera endemic to China was used as the material,and simulated wanning by infrared heater.The difference in the incidence of insect pests between increased and ambient temperature treatment were compared,and the growth characteristics of the infected plants were analyzed,and floral morphology and seed setting in responses to insect herbivore under elevated temperatures were studied.The results showed that:(1)Warming treatment had no significant effect on the incidence and severity of insect pests in I.oxyanthera;(2)In the wanning environment,the height of plants that were eaten by insects was significantly higher than that of plants that were not eaten by insect;(3)Warming significantly decreased the length of corolla tube in I.oxyanthera,and insect herbivore significantly decreased corolla tube length,nectar spur length and nectar spur curvature.Under ambient conditions,neecar spur length and nectar spur curvature of plants that were eaten by insects was significantly lower than that of the plants that were not eaten by insects by 12.85%and 17.12%,respectively.(4)warming and insect herbivore have no significant effect seed setting rale of I.oryantherd al the single fruit level.The results suggested that the plant morphology and flower characteristics of I.oxyanthera were sensitive to warming and insect herbivore.Warming caused smaller flowers,and insects herbivore led to shorter nectar spur and smaller nectar spur curvature,but warming and insect herbivore had no significant negative effects on the reproductive success of I.oaxyanthera at the level of single fruit.

关 键 词：模拟增温 虫害 红雉凤仙花 植株形态 花部特征 

分 类 号：S43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]