阿拉善蒙古牛的种质资源保护与产业发展建议  

Suggestions on Protection of Genetic Resources and Industrial Development of Alxa Mongolia Cattle

作　　者：盛聪 澈力木格 陈泽明 王秀艳 朱莉仙 王申元[4] 吴凯峰[4] 苏雅 陈宁博 张毅[7] 周欢敏[4] 雷初朝[6] 韩建林[8] 李光鹏 佟彬 SHENG Cong;CHE LI Mu-ge;CHEN Ze-ming;WANG Xiu-yan;ZHU Li-xian;WANG Shen-yuan;WU Kai-feng;SU Ya;CHEN Ning-bo;ZHANG Yi;ZHOU Huan-min;LEI Chu-zhao;HAN Jian-lin;LI Guang-peng;TONG Bin(The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation&Breeding of Grassland Livestock/College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010071;Livestock Improvement Center of Alxa Left Banner,Bayanhot,Inner Mongolia 151800;Alashan Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Technology Promotion Center,Bayanhot,Inner Mongolia 7053062;Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Biomanufacture/College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010071;Inner Mongolia Agricultural and Animal Husbandry-Tech Extension Center,Hohhot 010011;National Beef Cattle Improvement Center/College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193;Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学,省部共建草原家畜生殖调控与繁育国家重点实验室/生命科学学院,呼和浩特010071 [2]阿拉善左旗家畜改良工作站,内蒙古巴彦浩特151800 [3]阿拉善盟畜牧兽医技术推广中心,内蒙古巴彦浩特7053062 [4]内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古自治区生物制造重点实验室/生命科学学院,呼和浩特010071 [5]内蒙古自治区农牧业技术推广中心,呼和浩特010011 [6]西北农林科技大学,国家肉牛改良中心/动物科技学院,陕西杨凌712100 [7]中国农业大学动物科学技术学院,北京100193 [8]中国农业科学院,北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国牛业科学》2022年第1期60-64,共5页China Cattle Science

基　　金：内蒙古自治区应用技术研究与开发资金计划项目(20180260);人社部高层次留学人才回国资助项目(人社厅函[2018]190号);内蒙古自治区“草原英才”工程项目(CYYC6068);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：阿拉善牛是蒙古牛的一个重要群体,作为我国北方地区的优良肉牛品种之一,具有乳肉役兼备的特点,适应干旱寒冷的气候,适合荒漠化草原和沙漠放牧等优异特性,主要分布在腾格里沙漠、巴丹吉林沙漠和乌兰布和沙漠湖泊湿地及其周边地区,现存栏约3.3万余头,是我国宝贵的肉牛遗传资源。但是阿拉善蒙古牛存在长期近亲繁殖,群体内的遗传变异越来越窄的趋势,加之本身生长速度缓慢、体型小等不足,未来可使阿拉善蒙古牛品种资源不断枯竭。为了保护阿拉善蒙古牛等蒙古牛群体的优异特性和种质资源,本文综述了阿拉善蒙古牛的体貌特征、数量分布以及对阿拉善蒙古牛种质资源的保护措施和产业发展建议。Alxa cattle is an important group of Mongolia cattle. As one of the excellent beef cattle breeds in northern China, it has the characteristics of dairy and meat, adaption to the natural conditions such as arid and cold climate and desertification grassland grazing. Alxa cattle mainly distributed in Tengger desert, Badain Jaran desert, and Ulan Buh desert lake wetland and its surrounding areas. There are about 33,000 cattle in stock and it is a precious beef cattle genetic resource. However, Alxa Mongolia cattle have slow growth and small size. Due to the long-term inbreeding, the genetic variation within the breed is becoming narrower, which may lead to the depletion of Alxa Mongolia cattle breed resources in the future. In order to protect the high-quality characteristics and genetic resources of Alxa Mongolia cattle, this article summarizes the physical characteristics, quantity distribution, the protection measures and industrial development suggestions for the genetic resources of Alxa Mongolia cattle.

关 键 词：阿拉善牛 蒙古牛 种质资源保护 产业发展建议 

分 类 号：S823.81[农业科学—畜牧学]